Eczema Non-steroid Prescription Medication Treatments

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HIGHEST EFFICACY IN CATEGORY

Rinvoq

(Upadacitinib)

If your child is 12+ years, needs rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

If you need rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

Oral once daily

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Upper respiratory tract infection	23%
Acne	10%
Herpes simplex	4%
Headache	6%

This medication carries a boxed warning. This is the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) most stringent warning for prescription drugs, indicating a serious or life-threatening risk associated with the medication.

$396 per month

($268 - $1,535)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Upadacitinib is highly effective at reducing itch and improving skin symptoms in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, with benefits seen as early as 1-2 weeks of treatment and maintained through 52 weeks

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib, taken as a daily pill, significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo. After 16 weeks, 60-70% of patients taking upadacitinib 15mg and 73-80% of patients taking 30mg had their eczema improve by at least 75%, compared to only 13-16% of patients taking placebo. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,683
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in adults, including patients who didn't respond well to other treatments like dupilumab or baricitinib. About 73% of patients achieved significant improvement in their eczema, and 69% experienced reduced itching after 16 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis including those with Inadequate Response to Dupilumab and/or Baricitinib: Results from the BioDay Registry (2023)	Multicenter Study	Total Patients: 47 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673

The most common side effect is acne (occurring in 10-16% of patients), which is usually mild/moderate and manageable. Other potential side effects include increased risk of infections and elevated liver enzymes

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study looked at the safety of upadacitinib across multiple conditions including atopic dermatitis by analyzing data from clinical trials. For atopic dermatitis patients, upadacitinib was generally well-tolerated, with acne being a notable side effect specific to AD patients. Safety profile of upadacitinib over 15 000 patient-years across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and atopic dermatitis (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,693 Severity: not available Age: not available

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes
📄 Upadacitinib combined with topical steroids significantly improved itch, skin pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. The improvements were seen within 1-2 weeks and lasted for up to 52 weeks, with 62-84% of patients experiencing meaningful improvements depending on the dose. Rapid and sustained improvements in itch and quality of life with upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: 52-week outcomes from the phase 3 AD Up study. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 901 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults	Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

Summary:

Upadacitinib, taken as a daily pill, significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo. After 16 weeks, 60-70% of patients taking upadacitinib 15mg and 73-80% of patients taking 30mg had their eczema improve by at least 75%, compared to only 13-16% of patients taking placebo.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,683

Results:

Summary:

Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Summary:

Upadacitinib was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in adults, including patients who didn't respond well to other treatments like dupilumab or baricitinib. About 73% of patients achieved significant improvement in their eczema, and 69% experienced reduced itching after 16 weeks of treatment.

Study Type:

Multicenter Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

This study looked at the safety of upadacitinib across multiple conditions including atopic dermatitis by analyzing data from clinical trials. For atopic dermatitis patients, upadacitinib was generally well-tolerated, with acne being a notable side effect specific to AD patients.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,693

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Summary:

Upadacitinib combined with topical steroids significantly improved itch, skin pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. The improvements were seen within 1-2 weeks and lasted for up to 52 weeks, with 62-84% of patients experiencing meaningful improvements depending on the dose.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 901

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

WELL BALANCED

Dupixent

(Dupilumab)

If your child is 6+ months and topical treatments don't work for your child

If topical treatments don't work for you

Injection every 2 weeks

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Injection site reaction	10%
Conjunctivitis	10%
Blepharitis	5%
Oral herpes	4%

$285 per month

($158 - $1,035)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Dupilumab significantly improves signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, including skin lesions, itching, and quality of life compared to placebo. In clinical trials, 60-70% of patients achieved a 75% improvement in disease severity scores after 16 weeks of treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema. The improvements were meaningful in daily life, particularly reducing pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and helping with usual activities. Dupilumab Improves General Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2017)		Total Patients: 1,379 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo
📄 Dupilumab combined with topical steroids was significantly more effective than steroids alone in treating moderate-to-severe eczema. After 16 weeks, about 39% of patients on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 12% on placebo, and these improvements lasted for the full year of treatment. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2017)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 740 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children as young as 6 months. Clinical trials show that 60-70% of patients achieve significant improvement in their eczema symptoms, including reduction in itch and skin clearance. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. (2017)	Comment	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months and older	Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

The medication has an acceptable safety profile, with the most common side effects being injection site reactions and conjunctivitis (eye inflammation). Serious side effects are rare. Dupilumab actually reduces skin infections compared to placebo.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673
📄 This real-world study compared the safety of dupilumab to conventional systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis over 5 years. Dupilumab showed fewer side effects related to circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and infections compared to other treatments. However, it did have a higher risk of eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) compared to some other medications. Comparison of safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab or conventional systemic treatment: real world data from the US network. (2024)	Comparative Study

Dupilumab works by blocking two key inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) that drive atopic dermatitis. It is administered by subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks, with a higher initial loading dose.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms and skin healing over 16 weeks of treatment. The medication worked by reducing inflammation in the skin and helping restore normal skin barrier function. Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 54 Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels
📄 Dupilumab is the first approved targeted biological therapy for atopic dermatitis in adults and children over 6 years with moderate-to-severe disease. It works by blocking specific inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) and helps improve skin barrier function. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. (2022)		Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 years and older

The medication is approved for patients 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis that is not well controlled with topical prescription treatments. Continuous treatment is needed to maintain response.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children aged 6 months to 6 years with moderate-to-severe eczema, dupilumab with low-strength steroid cream worked significantly better than placebo. After 16 weeks, 28% of children on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to only 4% on placebo, and 53% had major improvement in their eczema compared to 11% on placebo. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 162 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months to <6 years
📄 This study showed that taking dupilumab every 2 weeks maintains improvements in eczema symptoms over 36 weeks. About 72% of patients maintained their improvement when taking dupilumab every 2 weeks, compared to only 30% of patients who stopped treatment. The study found that taking dupilumab less frequently (every 4 or 8 weeks) was not as effective as taking it every 2 weeks. Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Dupilumab Dose Regimens After Initial Successful Treatment in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 422

Summary:

Dupilumab significantly improved quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema. The improvements were meaningful in daily life, particularly reducing pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and helping with usual activities.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,379

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo

Summary:

Dupilumab combined with topical steroids was significantly more effective than steroids alone in treating moderate-to-severe eczema. After 16 weeks, about 39% of patients on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 12% on placebo, and these improvements lasted for the full year of treatment.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 740

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children as young as 6 months. Clinical trials show that 60-70% of patients achieve significant improvement in their eczema symptoms, including reduction in itch and skin clearance.

Study Type:

Comment

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months and older

Results:

Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

This real-world study compared the safety of dupilumab to conventional systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis over 5 years. Dupilumab showed fewer side effects related to circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and infections compared to other treatments. However, it did have a higher risk of eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) compared to some other medications.

Study Type:

Comparative Study

Studied Population:

Results:

Summary:

Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms and skin healing over 16 weeks of treatment. The medication worked by reducing inflammation in the skin and helping restore normal skin barrier function.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 54

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels

Summary:

Dupilumab is the first approved targeted biological therapy for atopic dermatitis in adults and children over 6 years with moderate-to-severe disease. It works by blocking specific inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) and helps improve skin barrier function.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 years and older

Results:

Summary:

In children aged 6 months to 6 years with moderate-to-severe eczema, dupilumab with low-strength steroid cream worked significantly better than placebo. After 16 weeks, 28% of children on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to only 4% on placebo, and 53% had major improvement in their eczema compared to 11% on placebo.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 162

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months to <6 years

Results:

Summary:

This study showed that taking dupilumab every 2 weeks maintains improvements in eczema symptoms over 36 weeks. About 72% of patients maintained their improvement when taking dupilumab every 2 weeks, compared to only 30% of patients who stopped treatment. The study found that taking dupilumab less frequently (every 4 or 8 weeks) was not as effective as taking it every 2 weeks.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 422

Results:

LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS

Mupirocin

(Mupirocin)

If your AD is related to a bacterial infection (staphylococcus aureus)

Topical daily

Low

Side Effect	Affected
diarrhea
nausea

Share Cost of Medication

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Mupirocin combined with steroid creams (like hydrocortisone or fluticasone) is effective and safe for treating atopic dermatitis, especially when there might be bacterial infection present. In one study, 74% of patients improved with this combination treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Using hydrocortisone cream combined with mupirocin was more effective (74% success) than hydrocortisone alone (65% success) or moisturizer (36% success) in treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in infants. The combination treatment was safe and helped address potential bacterial infection. Hydrocortisone acetate alone or combined with mupirocin for atopic dermatitis in infants under two years of age - a randomized double blind pilot trial	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 83	Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient
📄 A combination ointment containing fluticasone propionate and mupirocin was effective in treating atopic dermatitis with suspected bacterial infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, the majority of patients (67.2%) had only mild disease, and patient comfort improved from 33.65% to 78.60%. Efficacy and safety of combination ointment "fluticasone propionate 0.005% plus mupirocin 2.0%" for the treatment of atopic dermatitis with clinical suspicion of secondary bacterial infection: an open label uncontrolled study	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 122 Severity: mild to severe Age: not available	Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Mupirocin cream is as effective as oral antibiotics (like cephalexin) for treating infected eczema, with fewer side effects. It's also preferred by patients because it's applied directly to the skin rather than taken as pills.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

While mupirocin can effectively reduce bacteria (particularly Staphylococcus aureus) on the skin during treatment, bacteria levels may return to normal after stopping treatment. However, this doesn't necessarily mean symptoms will get worse.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Using hydrocortisone cream combined with mupirocin was more effective (74% success) than hydrocortisone alone (65% success) or moisturizer (36% success) in treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in infants. The combination treatment was safe and helped address potential bacterial infection.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 83

Results:

Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient

Summary:

A combination ointment containing fluticasone propionate and mupirocin was effective in treating atopic dermatitis with suspected bacterial infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, the majority of patients (67.2%) had only mild disease, and patient comfort improved from 33.65% to 78.60%.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 122

Severity: mild to severe

Age: not available

Results:

Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Summary:

Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

HIGHEST EFFICACY IN CATEGORY

Rinvoq (Upadacitinib)

Who is this for?:

If you need rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

If your child is 12+ years, needs rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$396 per month

Delivery:

Oral once daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib, taken as a daily pill, significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo. After 16 weeks, 60-70% of patients taking upadacitinib 15mg and 73-80% of patients taking 30mg had their eczema improve by at least 75%, compared to only 13-16% of patients taking placebo. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,683
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in adults, including patients who didn't respond well to other treatments like dupilumab or baricitinib. About 73% of patients achieved significant improvement in their eczema, and 69% experienced reduced itching after 16 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis including those with Inadequate Response to Dupilumab and/or Baricitinib: Results from the BioDay Registry (2023)	Multicenter Study	Total Patients: 47 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study looked at the safety of upadacitinib across multiple conditions including atopic dermatitis by analyzing data from clinical trials. For atopic dermatitis patients, upadacitinib was generally well-tolerated, with acne being a notable side effect specific to AD patients. Safety profile of upadacitinib over 15 000 patient-years across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and atopic dermatitis (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,693 Severity: not available Age: not available

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes
📄 Upadacitinib combined with topical steroids significantly improved itch, skin pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. The improvements were seen within 1-2 weeks and lasted for up to 52 weeks, with 62-84% of patients experiencing meaningful improvements depending on the dose. Rapid and sustained improvements in itch and quality of life with upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: 52-week outcomes from the phase 3 AD Up study. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 901 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults	Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,683

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Summary:

Study Type:

Multicenter Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,693

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 901

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

WELL BALANCED

Dupixent (Dupilumab)

Who is this for?:

If topical treatments don't work for you

If your child is 6+ months and topical treatments don't work for your child

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

$285 per month

Delivery:

Injection None every 2 weeks

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema. The improvements were meaningful in daily life, particularly reducing pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and helping with usual activities. Dupilumab Improves General Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2017)		Total Patients: 1,379 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo
📄 Dupilumab combined with topical steroids was significantly more effective than steroids alone in treating moderate-to-severe eczema. After 16 weeks, about 39% of patients on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 12% on placebo, and these improvements lasted for the full year of treatment. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2017)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 740 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children as young as 6 months. Clinical trials show that 60-70% of patients achieve significant improvement in their eczema symptoms, including reduction in itch and skin clearance. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. (2017)	Comment	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months and older	Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673
📄 This real-world study compared the safety of dupilumab to conventional systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis over 5 years. Dupilumab showed fewer side effects related to circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and infections compared to other treatments. However, it did have a higher risk of eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) compared to some other medications. Comparison of safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab or conventional systemic treatment: real world data from the US network. (2024)	Comparative Study

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms and skin healing over 16 weeks of treatment. The medication worked by reducing inflammation in the skin and helping restore normal skin barrier function. Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 54 Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels
📄 Dupilumab is the first approved targeted biological therapy for atopic dermatitis in adults and children over 6 years with moderate-to-severe disease. It works by blocking specific inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) and helps improve skin barrier function. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. (2022)		Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 years and older

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children aged 6 months to 6 years with moderate-to-severe eczema, dupilumab with low-strength steroid cream worked significantly better than placebo. After 16 weeks, 28% of children on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to only 4% on placebo, and 53% had major improvement in their eczema compared to 11% on placebo. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 162 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months to <6 years
📄 This study showed that taking dupilumab every 2 weeks maintains improvements in eczema symptoms over 36 weeks. About 72% of patients maintained their improvement when taking dupilumab every 2 weeks, compared to only 30% of patients who stopped treatment. The study found that taking dupilumab less frequently (every 4 or 8 weeks) was not as effective as taking it every 2 weeks. Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Dupilumab Dose Regimens After Initial Successful Treatment in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 422

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,379

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 740

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comment

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months and older

Results:

Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comparative Study

Studied Population:

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 54

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 years and older

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 162

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months to <6 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 422

Results:

LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS

Mupirocin (Mupirocin)

Who is this for?:

If your AD is related to a bacterial infection (staphylococcus aureus)

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Low

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Topical 3-4 daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Using hydrocortisone cream combined with mupirocin was more effective (74% success) than hydrocortisone alone (65% success) or moisturizer (36% success) in treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in infants. The combination treatment was safe and helped address potential bacterial infection. Hydrocortisone acetate alone or combined with mupirocin for atopic dermatitis in infants under two years of age - a randomized double blind pilot trial	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 83	Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient
📄 A combination ointment containing fluticasone propionate and mupirocin was effective in treating atopic dermatitis with suspected bacterial infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, the majority of patients (67.2%) had only mild disease, and patient comfort improved from 33.65% to 78.60%. Efficacy and safety of combination ointment "fluticasone propionate 0.005% plus mupirocin 2.0%" for the treatment of atopic dermatitis with clinical suspicion of secondary bacterial infection: an open label uncontrolled study	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 122 Severity: mild to severe Age: not available	Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 83

Results:

Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 122

Severity: mild to severe

Age: not available

Results:

Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

All Non-steroid Prescription Medication Treatments

Treatment

Who is this for?

Delivery

Effectiveness

Side Effects

Estimated Cost

HIGHEST EFFICACY IN CATEGORY

Rinvoq

(Upadacitinib)

If your child is 12+ years, needs rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

If you need rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

Oral once daily

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Upper respiratory tract infection	23%
Acne	10%
Herpes simplex	4%
Headache	6%

$396 per month

($268 - $1,535)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib, taken as a daily pill, significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo. After 16 weeks, 60-70% of patients taking upadacitinib 15mg and 73-80% of patients taking 30mg had their eczema improve by at least 75%, compared to only 13-16% of patients taking placebo. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,683
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in adults, including patients who didn't respond well to other treatments like dupilumab or baricitinib. About 73% of patients achieved significant improvement in their eczema, and 69% experienced reduced itching after 16 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis including those with Inadequate Response to Dupilumab and/or Baricitinib: Results from the BioDay Registry (2023)	Multicenter Study	Total Patients: 47 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study looked at the safety of upadacitinib across multiple conditions including atopic dermatitis by analyzing data from clinical trials. For atopic dermatitis patients, upadacitinib was generally well-tolerated, with acne being a notable side effect specific to AD patients. Safety profile of upadacitinib over 15 000 patient-years across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and atopic dermatitis (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,693 Severity: not available Age: not available

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes
📄 Upadacitinib combined with topical steroids significantly improved itch, skin pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. The improvements were seen within 1-2 weeks and lasted for up to 52 weeks, with 62-84% of patients experiencing meaningful improvements depending on the dose. Rapid and sustained improvements in itch and quality of life with upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: 52-week outcomes from the phase 3 AD Up study. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 901 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults	Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,683

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Summary:

Study Type:

Multicenter Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,693

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 901

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

WELL BALANCED

Dupixent

(Dupilumab)

If your child is 6+ months and topical treatments don't work for your child

If topical treatments don't work for you

Injection every 2 weeks

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Injection site reaction	10%
Conjunctivitis	10%
Blepharitis	5%
Oral herpes	4%

$285 per month

($158 - $1,035)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema. The improvements were meaningful in daily life, particularly reducing pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and helping with usual activities. Dupilumab Improves General Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2017)		Total Patients: 1,379 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo
📄 Dupilumab combined with topical steroids was significantly more effective than steroids alone in treating moderate-to-severe eczema. After 16 weeks, about 39% of patients on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 12% on placebo, and these improvements lasted for the full year of treatment. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2017)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 740 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children as young as 6 months. Clinical trials show that 60-70% of patients achieve significant improvement in their eczema symptoms, including reduction in itch and skin clearance. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. (2017)	Comment	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months and older	Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673
📄 This real-world study compared the safety of dupilumab to conventional systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis over 5 years. Dupilumab showed fewer side effects related to circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and infections compared to other treatments. However, it did have a higher risk of eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) compared to some other medications. Comparison of safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab or conventional systemic treatment: real world data from the US network. (2024)	Comparative Study

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms and skin healing over 16 weeks of treatment. The medication worked by reducing inflammation in the skin and helping restore normal skin barrier function. Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 54 Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels
📄 Dupilumab is the first approved targeted biological therapy for atopic dermatitis in adults and children over 6 years with moderate-to-severe disease. It works by blocking specific inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) and helps improve skin barrier function. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. (2022)		Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 years and older

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children aged 6 months to 6 years with moderate-to-severe eczema, dupilumab with low-strength steroid cream worked significantly better than placebo. After 16 weeks, 28% of children on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to only 4% on placebo, and 53% had major improvement in their eczema compared to 11% on placebo. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 162 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months to <6 years
📄 This study showed that taking dupilumab every 2 weeks maintains improvements in eczema symptoms over 36 weeks. About 72% of patients maintained their improvement when taking dupilumab every 2 weeks, compared to only 30% of patients who stopped treatment. The study found that taking dupilumab less frequently (every 4 or 8 weeks) was not as effective as taking it every 2 weeks. Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Dupilumab Dose Regimens After Initial Successful Treatment in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 422

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,379

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 740

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comment

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months and older

Results:

Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comparative Study

Studied Population:

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 54

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 years and older

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 162

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months to <6 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 422

Results:

LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS

Mupirocin

(Mupirocin)

If your AD is related to a bacterial infection (staphylococcus aureus)

Topical daily

Low

Side Effect	Affected
diarrhea
nausea

Share Cost of Medication

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Using hydrocortisone cream combined with mupirocin was more effective (74% success) than hydrocortisone alone (65% success) or moisturizer (36% success) in treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in infants. The combination treatment was safe and helped address potential bacterial infection. Hydrocortisone acetate alone or combined with mupirocin for atopic dermatitis in infants under two years of age - a randomized double blind pilot trial	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 83	Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient
📄 A combination ointment containing fluticasone propionate and mupirocin was effective in treating atopic dermatitis with suspected bacterial infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, the majority of patients (67.2%) had only mild disease, and patient comfort improved from 33.65% to 78.60%. Efficacy and safety of combination ointment "fluticasone propionate 0.005% plus mupirocin 2.0%" for the treatment of atopic dermatitis with clinical suspicion of secondary bacterial infection: an open label uncontrolled study	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 122 Severity: mild to severe Age: not available	Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 83

Results:

Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 122

Severity: mild to severe

Age: not available

Results:

Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Protopic

(Tacrolimus)

If your child needs a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

If you need a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

Topical twice weekly to twice daily

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Burning sensation at application site	38%
Skin infections	26%
conjunctivitis	16%
paradoxical head and neck erythema	8%

$39 per month

($2 - $42)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Tacrolimus is effective in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, showing significant improvement in symptoms and disease severity compared to standard treatments like hydrocortisone.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children with eczema, both tacrolimus ointment and hydrocortisone cream improved quality of life. Tacrolimus was better at reducing certain inflammatory markers in the blood compared to hydrocortisone, though both treatments were effective. Tacrolimus versus hydrocortisone in management of atopic dermatitis in children, a randomized controlled double‐blind study: New insights on TARC, CTACK, TSLP, and E‐selectin (2024)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 100 Severity: not available Age: children (age range not specified)	Tacrolimus was more effective at reducing inflammatory markers compared to hydrocortisone
📄 Both tacrolimus and mild corticosteroids were safe and effective in treating young children with moderate-to-severe eczema. Children who showed early signs of allergies (sensitization) had better results with tacrolimus than with corticosteroids after 12 months of treatment. Young children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 75 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 1-3 years
📄 Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was more effective than Hydrocortisone 1% in treating children with atopic dermatitis. After 3 weeks of treatment, Tacrolimus reduced disease severity by 56% compared to 27% with Hydrocortisone. Topical Tacrolimus versus Hydrocortisone on Atopic Dermatitis in Paediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 60 Severity: not available Age: 2-10 years

Long-term safety studies show no increased risk of cancer in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis over a 10-year period.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 10-year study found that children using tacrolimus cream (Protopic) for eczema did not have an increased risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. No cases of lymphoma were reported. No Evidence of Increased Cancer Incidence in Children Using Topical Tacrolimus for Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 7,954 Severity: not available Age: pediatric

In adults, there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with tacrolimus use compared to other treatments.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study found that using topical calcineurin inhibitors (like Protopic) for treating atopic dermatitis does not increase the risk of skin cancer compared to using topical corticosteroids or using no treatment. This suggests that these medications are safe to use in terms of skin cancer risk in adults. Association Between Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Use and Keratinocyte Carcinoma Risk Among Adults With Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 93,746 Severity: not available Age: 40+

Tacrolimus appears to be particularly beneficial for patients who show signs of early allergic sensitization, and it can improve quality of life measures for both patients and caregivers.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Both tacrolimus and mild corticosteroids were safe and effective in treating young children with moderate-to-severe eczema. Children who showed early signs of allergies (sensitization) had better results with tacrolimus than with corticosteroids after 12 months of treatment. Young children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 75 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 1-3 years
📄 This study compared two eczema treatments (tacrolimus 0.03% and crisaborole) in children with mild to moderate eczema. While both medications improved eczema symptoms, tacrolimus showed better results in improving quality of life for both children and their caregivers. Improved patient‐ and caregiver‐reported outcomes distinguish tacrolimus 0.03% from crisaborole in children with atopic dermatitis (2024)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 47 Severity: mild Age: children (mean age 8.0 ± 3.9 years)	Both treatments improved eczema severity, with slightly better improvement in the crisaborole group

Tacrolimus is effective in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, showing significant improvement in symptoms and disease severity compared to standard treatments like hydrocortisone.

Summary:

In children with eczema, both tacrolimus ointment and hydrocortisone cream improved quality of life. Tacrolimus was better at reducing certain inflammatory markers in the blood compared to hydrocortisone, though both treatments were effective.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 100

Severity: not available

Age: children (age range not specified)

Results:

Tacrolimus was more effective at reducing inflammatory markers compared to hydrocortisone

Summary:

Both tacrolimus and mild corticosteroids were safe and effective in treating young children with moderate-to-severe eczema. Children who showed early signs of allergies (sensitization) had better results with tacrolimus than with corticosteroids after 12 months of treatment.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 75

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 1-3 years

Results:

Summary:

Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was more effective than Hydrocortisone 1% in treating children with atopic dermatitis. After 3 weeks of treatment, Tacrolimus reduced disease severity by 56% compared to 27% with Hydrocortisone.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 60

Severity: not available

Age: 2-10 years

Results:

Long-term safety studies show no increased risk of cancer in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis over a 10-year period.

Summary:

This 10-year study found that children using tacrolimus cream (Protopic) for eczema did not have an increased risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. No cases of lymphoma were reported.

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 7,954

Severity: not available

Age: pediatric

Results:

In adults, there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with tacrolimus use compared to other treatments.

Summary:

This study found that using topical calcineurin inhibitors (like Protopic) for treating atopic dermatitis does not increase the risk of skin cancer compared to using topical corticosteroids or using no treatment. This suggests that these medications are safe to use in terms of skin cancer risk in adults.

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 93,746

Severity: not available

Age: 40+

Results:

Tacrolimus appears to be particularly beneficial for patients who show signs of early allergic sensitization, and it can improve quality of life measures for both patients and caregivers.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 75

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 1-3 years

Results:

Summary:

This study compared two eczema treatments (tacrolimus 0.03% and crisaborole) in children with mild to moderate eczema. While both medications improved eczema symptoms, tacrolimus showed better results in improving quality of life for both children and their caregivers.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: mild

Age: children (mean age 8.0 ± 3.9 years)

Results:

Both treatments improved eczema severity, with slightly better improvement in the crisaborole group

Elidel

(Pimecrolimus)

If your child needs a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

If you need a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

Topical twice daily

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Application site burning	15%
Headache	14%
Nasopharyngitis	16%
Cough	10%

$137 per month

($25 - $492)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Pimecrolimus appears to be similarly effective to topical corticosteroids for treating atopic dermatitis, with about 85-90% of patients achieving treatment success after long-term use.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 5-year study compared pimecrolimus cream with regular steroid creams in young children with mild-to-moderate eczema. While both treatments were generally safe, steroid creams worked slightly better, and children using pimecrolimus had more skin infections and respiratory issues. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-12 months
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical steroids in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in infants over a 5-year period. Both treatments helped more than 85% of patients achieve clear or almost clear skin, but pimecrolimus required much fewer steroid days (7 vs 178), making it a safer long-term option. Safety and Efficacy of Pimecrolimus in Atopic Dermatitis: A 5-Year Randomized Trial (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 2,418 Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants	Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Long-term safety studies show Pimecrolimus is generally safe, with no significant effects on the immune system. However, it may have slightly higher rates of minor infections like bronchitis and infected eczema compared to topical steroids.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 5-year study compared pimecrolimus cream with regular steroid creams in young children with mild-to-moderate eczema. While both treatments were generally safe, steroid creams worked slightly better, and children using pimecrolimus had more skin infections and respiratory issues. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-12 months
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical steroids in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in infants over a 5-year period. Both treatments helped more than 85% of patients achieve clear or almost clear skin, but pimecrolimus required much fewer steroid days (7 vs 178), making it a safer long-term option. Safety and Efficacy of Pimecrolimus in Atopic Dermatitis: A 5-Year Randomized Trial (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 2,418 Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants	Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Pimecrolimus can help reduce the need for topical steroids (steroid-sparing effect), which may be beneficial for areas sensitive to steroid side effects like the face and eyelids.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical corticosteroids in treating atopic dermatitis in Chinese infants. After 26 weeks, about 83% of infants treated with Pimecrolimus showed improvement, which was similar to the 89% improvement seen with corticosteroids. Safety and efficacy of Pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis among Chinese infants: a sub-group analysis of a five-year open-label study (2023)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 120 Severity: not available Age: 3 months-12 months	Treatment success rates were similar between Pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids
📄 This is a commentary on a 5-year safety study of pimecrolimus in treating atopic dermatitis. The article discusses how despite pimecrolimus being available for over a decade, there's still uncertainty about when to use it versus topical steroids, particularly for sensitive areas like the face and eyelids. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal – comment (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants and children

There is no increased risk of skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with using Pimecrolimus, based on long-term safety studies.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study found that using topical calcineurin inhibitors (like Protopic) for treating atopic dermatitis does not increase the risk of skin cancer compared to using topical corticosteroids or using no treatment. This suggests that these medications are safe to use in terms of skin cancer risk in adults. Association Between Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Use and Keratinocyte Carcinoma Risk Among Adults With Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 93,746 Severity: not available Age: 40+

Pimecrolimus appears to be similarly effective to topical corticosteroids for treating atopic dermatitis, with about 85-90% of patients achieving treatment success after long-term use.

Summary:

This 5-year study compared pimecrolimus cream with regular steroid creams in young children with mild-to-moderate eczema. While both treatments were generally safe, steroid creams worked slightly better, and children using pimecrolimus had more skin infections and respiratory issues.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-12 months

Results:

Summary:

Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical steroids in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in infants over a 5-year period. Both treatments helped more than 85% of patients achieve clear or almost clear skin, but pimecrolimus required much fewer steroid days (7 vs 178), making it a safer long-term option.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,418

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants

Results:

Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-12 months

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,418

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants

Results:

Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Pimecrolimus can help reduce the need for topical steroids (steroid-sparing effect), which may be beneficial for areas sensitive to steroid side effects like the face and eyelids.

Summary:

Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical corticosteroids in treating atopic dermatitis in Chinese infants. After 26 weeks, about 83% of infants treated with Pimecrolimus showed improvement, which was similar to the 89% improvement seen with corticosteroids.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 120

Severity: not available

Age: 3 months-12 months

Results:

Treatment success rates were similar between Pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids

Summary:

This is a commentary on a 5-year safety study of pimecrolimus in treating atopic dermatitis. The article discusses how despite pimecrolimus being available for over a decade, there's still uncertainty about when to use it versus topical steroids, particularly for sensitive areas like the face and eyelids.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants and children

Results:

There is no increased risk of skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with using Pimecrolimus, based on long-term safety studies.

Summary:

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 93,746

Severity: not available

Age: 40+

Results:

Ebglyss

(Lebrikizumab)

If you are 12+, need strong relief and topical treatments don't work for you

If you need strong relief and topical treatments don't work for you

Injection every 2-4 weeks

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Conjunctivitis	8%
Injection Site Reactions	3%
Herpes Zoster	1%
Keratitis	1%

Share Cost of Medication

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Lebrikizumab significantly improves moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis symptoms compared to placebo. In phase 3 trials, 58-72% of patients achieved a 75% improvement in disease severity scores after 16 weeks of treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in two large clinical trials. After 16 weeks, about 33-43% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 11-13% on placebo. The medication also helped reduce itch, and while it caused some eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), most side effects were mild. Two Phase 3 Trials of Lebrikizumab for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 851 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+ years (adolescents and adults)	About 3 times more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with lebrikizumab compared to placebo
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema over 52 weeks. After initial treatment, patients maintained good results whether they received the drug every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks, with about 75-80% of patients maintaining clear or almost clear skin. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results of two randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescent and adult

The medication helps reduce itching quickly, with some patients experiencing improvement as early as 2 days after starting treatment. It also helps improve sleep disruption caused by itch.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab helped improve itching and sleep quality in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients who experienced less itching and better sleep also reported better quality of life after 16 weeks of treatment. Lebrikizumab monotherapy impacts on quality of life scores through improved itch and sleep interference in two Phase 3 trials. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 16+	Patients who responded to treatment with improved itch and sleep showed significant improvements in quality of life measures
📄 Lebrikizumab, a medication that targets IL-13, significantly improved moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis symptoms in adults. After 16 weeks, about 60% of patients taking lebrikizumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 16% taking placebo. Lebrikizumab improved itch and reduced the extent of itch interference on sleep in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 751 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Significantly more patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema symptoms with lebrikizumab

Lebrikizumab has a favorable safety profile with most side effects being mild to moderate. The most common side effects include conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), injection site reactions, and upper respiratory infections. Serious side effects are rare.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This analysis looked at the safety of lebrikizumab across eight clinical trials in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The medication was generally safe, with most side effects being mild or moderate. The most common side effect specific to lebrikizumab was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in about 8.5% of patients. Safety of Lebrikizumab in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrated Analysis of Eight Clinical Trials (2023)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 1,720 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults
📄 Lebrikizumab was found to be generally safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents. The most common side effect was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in 8.5% of treated patients compared to 2.5% in placebo. Most side effects were mild or moderate. 373 Safety of lebrikizumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: data from eight trials (2023)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 1,720 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adults and adolescents

The medication can be given either every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks after initial loading doses, with both dosing schedules showing effectiveness. This flexibility in dosing may be beneficial for patients.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab helped maintain clear or almost clear skin in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema for up to 2 years. About half of the patients achieved completely clear skin, and more than 55% reported having no or minimal itching after 2 years of treatment. 708 - Raising the bar of efficacy in atopic dermatitis: lebrikizumab maintains depth of response over 2 years (2024)	JournalArticle	Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	About half of patients maintained completely clear skin
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema over 52 weeks. After initial treatment, patients maintained good results whether they received the drug every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks, with about 75-80% of patients maintaining clear or almost clear skin. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results of two randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescent and adult

Summary:

Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in two large clinical trials. After 16 weeks, about 33-43% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 11-13% on placebo. The medication also helped reduce itch, and while it caused some eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), most side effects were mild.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 851

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+ years (adolescents and adults)

Results:

About 3 times more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with lebrikizumab compared to placebo

Summary:

Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema over 52 weeks. After initial treatment, patients maintained good results whether they received the drug every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks, with about 75-80% of patients maintaining clear or almost clear skin.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescent and adult

Results:

The medication helps reduce itching quickly, with some patients experiencing improvement as early as 2 days after starting treatment. It also helps improve sleep disruption caused by itch.

Summary:

Lebrikizumab helped improve itching and sleep quality in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients who experienced less itching and better sleep also reported better quality of life after 16 weeks of treatment.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 16+

Results:

Patients who responded to treatment with improved itch and sleep showed significant improvements in quality of life measures

Summary:

Lebrikizumab, a medication that targets IL-13, significantly improved moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis symptoms in adults. After 16 weeks, about 60% of patients taking lebrikizumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 16% taking placebo.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 751

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Significantly more patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema symptoms with lebrikizumab

Summary:

This analysis looked at the safety of lebrikizumab across eight clinical trials in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The medication was generally safe, with most side effects being mild or moderate. The most common side effect specific to lebrikizumab was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in about 8.5% of patients.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,720

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Summary:

Lebrikizumab was found to be generally safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents. The most common side effect was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in 8.5% of treated patients compared to 2.5% in placebo. Most side effects were mild or moderate.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,720

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adults and adolescents

Results:

Summary:

Lebrikizumab helped maintain clear or almost clear skin in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema for up to 2 years. About half of the patients achieved completely clear skin, and more than 55% reported having no or minimal itching after 2 years of treatment.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

About half of patients maintained completely clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescent and adult

Results:

Cibinqo

(Abrocitinib)

If your child is 12+ years and needs rapid relief of itch and other symptoms

If you need rapid relief of itch and other symptoms

Oral once daily

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Nasopharyngitis	11%
Nausea	10%
Headache	7%
Herpes simplex	4%

$362 per month

($233 - $1,359)

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Abrocitinib is effective at treating moderate-to-severe eczema, with higher doses (200mg) showing better results than lower doses (100mg). After 12 weeks of treatment, 61% of patients on 200mg and 45% on 100mg saw at least 75% improvement in their eczema symptoms, compared to only 10% on placebo.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

The medication can provide rapid relief from itch - patients noticed improvement within 24 hours of starting treatment. This quick relief from itching led to significant improvements in quality of life for patients.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

The medication is generally well-tolerated, with most side effects being mild. The most common side effects include nausea (14% with 200mg dose), headache (8%), and upper respiratory infections. Some patients experienced temporary decreases in blood platelet counts, which typically stabilized with continued treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

For patients who respond well to initial treatment, continuing the medication helps prevent flare-ups. In a long-term study, only 19% of patients on 200mg experienced a flare-up compared to 81% of those who stopped treatment. If flares occur, restarting treatment is effective at regaining control of symptoms.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Opzelura

(Ruxolitinib)

If your child is 12+ years and looking for a short-term treatment with rapid relief of itch and inflammation, and other topical treatments have failed

If you are looking for a short-term treatment with rapid relief of itch and inflammation, and other topical treatments have failed

Topical twice daily

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Side Effect	Affected
Nasopharyngitis	3%
Bronchitis	1%
Ear infection	1%
Eosinophil count increased	1%

$212 per month

($85 - $743)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Ruxolitinib cream provides rapid and significant itch relief, with improvements seen within 12-36 hours of first application and sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. Over 50% of patients achieved significant itch reduction by week 8.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream showed significant improvement in eczema symptoms compared to vehicle (placebo cream). The highest dose (1.5% twice daily) reduced eczema severity by 71.6% after 4 weeks, and patients experienced itch relief within 36 hours of starting treatment. Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis With Ruxolitinib Cream (JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor) or Triamcinolone Cream. (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 307 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 18+	Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID reduced eczema severity by 71.6% compared to 15.5% with vehicle

The cream is generally well-tolerated with a good safety profile. Application site reactions are infrequent (2-6% of patients) and most side effects are mild to moderate. There were no serious safety concerns even with long-term use up to 52 weeks.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, when applied to the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, shows very low levels in the blood, suggesting it mainly works locally on the skin. This means it's less likely to cause the side effects typically seen with oral JAK inhibitor medications. Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Ruxolitinib Cream: Data from Phase II and III Studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Severity: not available Age: not available	Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was effective in treating eczema in teenagers, with about 51% achieving clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks compared to 14% using a placebo cream. The medication started working quickly, reducing itch from day 2, and continued to work well for up to 52 weeks with few side effects. Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Disease Control of Ruxolitinib Cream Among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 245 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 12-17 years	Significantly more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with ruxolitinib
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was tested in patients with moderate to severe eczema covering at least 25% of their body. After 56 days of treatment, about 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. The cream was generally safe to use, with only a few patients experiencing treatment-related side effects. A Maximum-Use Trial of Ruxolitinib Cream in Adolescents and Adults with Atopic Dermatitis (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12-65 years	Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

The medication has very low systemic absorption when applied to the skin, meaning it mainly works locally where applied and is unlikely to cause whole-body side effects that can occur with oral JAK inhibitors.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, when applied to the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, shows very low levels in the blood, suggesting it mainly works locally on the skin. This means it's less likely to cause the side effects typically seen with oral JAK inhibitor medications. Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Ruxolitinib Cream: Data from Phase II and III Studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Severity: not available Age: not available	Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was tested in patients with moderate to severe eczema covering at least 25% of their body. After 56 days of treatment, about 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. The cream was generally safe to use, with only a few patients experiencing treatment-related side effects. A Maximum-Use Trial of Ruxolitinib Cream in Adolescents and Adults with Atopic Dermatitis (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12-65 years	Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Ruxolitinib cream improves quality of life and ability to work/perform daily activities. Patients using the cream showed significant improvements in work productivity and daily activity compared to vehicle (placebo) cream.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, applied twice daily, quickly reduced itch in people with mild to moderate eczema. The cream started working within 12 hours and continued to improve itch symptoms over 8 weeks. The stronger version (1.5%) worked better than the weaker version (0.75%) and both worked better than the placebo cream. Editor's Picks January 2023 (2022)		Total Patients: 1,200 Severity: mild to moderate Age: adolescents and adults	Ruxolitinib cream provided rapid itch relief within 12 hours and continued improvement through 8 weeks
📄 Ruxolitinib cream improved itch and skin pain within 12 hours of application in people with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment also improved sleep and quality of life within 2 weeks, and these benefits lasted for up to 52 weeks. Ruxolitinib Cream Monotherapy Improved Symptoms and Quality of Life in Adults and Adolescents with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: Patient-Reported Outcomes from Two Phase III Studies. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,208	Ruxolitinib cream improved skin pain within 12 hours of application

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream showed significant improvement in eczema symptoms compared to vehicle (placebo cream). The highest dose (1.5% twice daily) reduced eczema severity by 71.6% after 4 weeks, and patients experienced itch relief within 36 hours of starting treatment.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 307

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 18+

Results:

Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID reduced eczema severity by 71.6% compared to 15.5% with vehicle

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream, when applied to the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, shows very low levels in the blood, suggesting it mainly works locally on the skin. This means it's less likely to cause the side effects typically seen with oral JAK inhibitor medications.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream was effective in treating eczema in teenagers, with about 51% achieving clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks compared to 14% using a placebo cream. The medication started working quickly, reducing itch from day 2, and continued to work well for up to 52 weeks with few side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 245

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 12-17 years

Results:

Significantly more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with ruxolitinib

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream was tested in patients with moderate to severe eczema covering at least 25% of their body. After 56 days of treatment, about 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. The cream was generally safe to use, with only a few patients experiencing treatment-related side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12-65 years

Results:

Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12-65 years

Results:

Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream, applied twice daily, quickly reduced itch in people with mild to moderate eczema. The cream started working within 12 hours and continued to improve itch symptoms over 8 weeks. The stronger version (1.5%) worked better than the weaker version (0.75%) and both worked better than the placebo cream.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,200

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Ruxolitinib cream provided rapid itch relief within 12 hours and continued improvement through 8 weeks

Summary:

Ruxolitinib cream improved itch and skin pain within 12 hours of application in people with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment also improved sleep and quality of life within 2 weeks, and these benefits lasted for up to 52 weeks.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,208

Results:

Ruxolitinib cream improved skin pain within 12 hours of application

Nemluvio

(Nemolizumab)

If you are 12 years or older with moderate-to-severe AD and intense itching

If you have moderate-to-severe AD with intense itching

Injection Every 4-8 weeks

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Headache	6%
Dermatitis atopic	4%
Eczema	4%
Eczema nummular	3%

Share Cost of Medication

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Nemolizumab significantly reduces itching (pruritus) in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. In clinical trials, patients saw 40-70% reduction in itch scores after 16 weeks of treatment, with improvements noticeable within the first few days.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, significantly improved eczema symptoms and reduced itching in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The medication showed benefits as early as week 1 for itch reduction, and by week 16, 36-38% of patients had clear or almost clear skin compared to 25-26% on placebo. Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,728
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks, significantly improved both skin inflammation and itch in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The 30mg dose worked best, with patients experiencing about 69% improvement in their eczema severity and 67% reduction in itch after 24 weeks. Phase 2b Randomized Study of Nemolizumab in Adults with Moderate-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Severe Pruritus. (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 226 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, reduced itching by 43% compared to 21% with placebo after 16 weeks. The medication also improved eczema severity and sleep quality in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Trial of Nemolizumab and Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis with Pruritus. (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 215	Nemolizumab reduced itching twice as much as placebo

The medication improves skin symptoms and quality of life, including better sleep. Studies showed 45-78% improvement in eczema severity scores over 16-68 weeks of treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, significantly improved eczema symptoms and reduced itching in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The medication showed benefits as early as week 1 for itch reduction, and by week 16, 36-38% of patients had clear or almost clear skin compared to 25-26% on placebo. Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,728
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks along with topical treatments, helped reduce itching by 66% and eczema severity by 78% over 68 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The improvements lasted even after treatment ended, and the medication was generally safe to use. Nemolizumab plus topical agents in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and moderate‐to‐severe pruritus provide improvement in pruritus and signs of AD for up to 68 weeks: results from two phase III, long‐term studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 303 Severity: moderate to severe Age: ≥13 years	Significant reduction in itching maintained over more than a year

The most common side effects are mild and include nasopharyngitis (common cold), upper respiratory tract infections, and worsening of atopic dermatitis. Serious side effects are rare but can include severe allergic reactions.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks, significantly improved both skin inflammation and itch in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The 30mg dose worked best, with patients experiencing about 69% improvement in their eczema severity and 67% reduction in itch after 24 weeks. Phase 2b Randomized Study of Nemolizumab in Adults with Moderate-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Severe Pruritus. (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 226 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Nemolizumab is a new medication approved in Japan that helps reduce itching in patients with atopic dermatitis when other treatments haven't worked well enough. The medication is given as an injection every 4 weeks and showed improvements in both itching and skin symptoms for up to 68 weeks. [Pharmacological profiles and clinical findings of nemolizumab as treatment for pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis]. (2023)	Review	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 13+	Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

The medication is given as a subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks. It works by blocking interleukin-31, a protein that triggers itching in atopic dermatitis.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab is a new drug that targets IL-31, which is involved in causing eczema symptoms. The drug shows good results in reducing itch quickly and improving skin condition, with mostly mild side effects. Nemolizumab for atopic dermatitis. (2022)	Review	Severity: not available Age: not available	not available
📄 Nemolizumab is a new medication approved in Japan that helps reduce itching in patients with atopic dermatitis when other treatments haven't worked well enough. The medication is given as an injection every 4 weeks and showed improvements in both itching and skin symptoms for up to 68 weeks. [Pharmacological profiles and clinical findings of nemolizumab as treatment for pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis]. (2023)	Review	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 13+	Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

Taken every 4 weeks

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Itch relief in as soon as 48 hours

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Unique mechanism of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Summary:

Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, significantly improved eczema symptoms and reduced itching in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The medication showed benefits as early as week 1 for itch reduction, and by week 16, 36-38% of patients had clear or almost clear skin compared to 25-26% on placebo.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,728

Results:

Summary:

Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks, significantly improved both skin inflammation and itch in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The 30mg dose worked best, with patients experiencing about 69% improvement in their eczema severity and 67% reduction in itch after 24 weeks.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 226

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, reduced itching by 43% compared to 21% with placebo after 16 weeks. The medication also improved eczema severity and sleep quality in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 215

Results:

Nemolizumab reduced itching twice as much as placebo

The medication improves skin symptoms and quality of life, including better sleep. Studies showed 45-78% improvement in eczema severity scores over 16-68 weeks of treatment.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,728

Results:

Summary:

Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks along with topical treatments, helped reduce itching by 66% and eczema severity by 78% over 68 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The improvements lasted even after treatment ended, and the medication was generally safe to use.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 303

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: ≥13 years

Results:

Significant reduction in itching maintained over more than a year

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 226

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Nemolizumab is a new medication approved in Japan that helps reduce itching in patients with atopic dermatitis when other treatments haven't worked well enough. The medication is given as an injection every 4 weeks and showed improvements in both itching and skin symptoms for up to 68 weeks.

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 13+

Results:

Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

The medication is given as a subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks. It works by blocking interleukin-31, a protein that triggers itching in atopic dermatitis.

Summary:

Nemolizumab is a new drug that targets IL-31, which is involved in causing eczema symptoms. The drug shows good results in reducing itch quickly and improving skin condition, with mostly mild side effects.

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

not available

Summary:

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 13+

Results:

Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

Taken every 4 weeks

Itch relief in as soon as 48 hours

Unique mechanism of action

Adbry

(Tralokinumab)

If you are 12+ years and topical prescription therapies don't work for you

If topical prescription therapies don't work for you

Injection every 2 weeks

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Upper respiratory tract infections	25%
Conjunctivitis	11%
Injection site reactions	9%
Eosinophilia	1%

$281 per month

($154 - $1,020)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Tralokinumab is effective for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, with 39% of patients achieving clear/almost clear skin at 16 weeks when combined with topical corticosteroids. The treatment continues to show progressive improvement beyond 16 weeks, with 70% of patients achieving a 75% improvement in symptoms by week 32.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab, a medication given every 2 weeks, helped improve severe eczema in adults who didn't respond well to topical treatments. After 16 weeks, about 25-33% of patients saw a significant improvement in their eczema symptoms compared to 11-13% who received placebo. Most patients who responded well at 16 weeks maintained their improvement through 52 weeks of treatment. Tralokinumab for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52‐week, randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, placebo‐controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2)* (2020)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

The medication is generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. The most common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections (16%), conjunctivitis (5%), and injection site reactions (4%). Most side effects are mild to moderate and do not lead to treatment discontinuation.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab was found to be safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis based on data from five clinical trials. The most common side effects were upper respiratory infections and eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), but serious side effects were rare and similar to placebo. Safety of tralokinumab in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: pooled analysis of five randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II and phase III trials (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,285 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

Tralokinumab can help reduce the need for topical corticosteroids - patients using tralokinumab used approximately 50% less topical corticosteroids compared to those on placebo by week 16.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab with topical steroids showed continuous improvement in eczema symptoms over 32 weeks. By week 32, about 70% of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema, and about 50% saw a 90% improvement. The treatment helped reduce sleep problems and improved quality of life. Tralokinumab Plus Topical Corticosteroids as Needed Provides Progressive and Sustained Efficacy in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Over a 32-Week Period: An ECZTRA 3 Post Hoc Analysis (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 380 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

The medication improves quality of life measures including itch severity, sleep quality, and overall disease burden. These improvements are seen within the first few weeks of treatment and are sustained over time.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab with topical steroids showed continuous improvement in eczema symptoms over 32 weeks. By week 32, about 70% of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema, and about 50% saw a 90% improvement. The treatment helped reduce sleep problems and improved quality of life. Tralokinumab Plus Topical Corticosteroids as Needed Provides Progressive and Sustained Efficacy in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Over a 32-Week Period: An ECZTRA 3 Post Hoc Analysis (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 380 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity
📄 Tralokinumab, either alone or with topical steroids, showed rapid improvement in itch and sleep quality for patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients started experiencing relief from itch as early as 1-2 weeks into treatment, and improvements in sleep were seen within 2 weeks. Patient-oriented measures for phase 3 studies of tralokinumab for treatment of atopic dermatitis (ECZTRA 1, 2 and 3). (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 1,976 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Meaningful improvements in quality of life were observed from week 2

Summary:

Tralokinumab, a medication given every 2 weeks, helped improve severe eczema in adults who didn't respond well to topical treatments. After 16 weeks, about 25-33% of patients saw a significant improvement in their eczema symptoms compared to 11-13% who received placebo. Most patients who responded well at 16 weeks maintained their improvement through 52 weeks of treatment.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Tralokinumab was found to be safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis based on data from five clinical trials. The most common side effects were upper respiratory infections and eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), but serious side effects were rare and similar to placebo.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,285

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Tralokinumab can help reduce the need for topical corticosteroids - patients using tralokinumab used approximately 50% less topical corticosteroids compared to those on placebo by week 16.

Summary:

Tralokinumab with topical steroids showed continuous improvement in eczema symptoms over 32 weeks. By week 32, about 70% of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema, and about 50% saw a 90% improvement. The treatment helped reduce sleep problems and improved quality of life.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 380

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 380

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity

Summary:

Tralokinumab, either alone or with topical steroids, showed rapid improvement in itch and sleep quality for patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients started experiencing relief from itch as early as 1-2 weeks into treatment, and improvements in sleep were seen within 2 weeks.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,976

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Meaningful improvements in quality of life were observed from week 2

Vtama

(Tapinarof)

For children 2 years and older who need a non-steroid cream

If you are looking for a non-steroid cream

Topical daily

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
Upper respiratory tract infection	12%
Folliculitis	9%
Lower respiratory tract infection	5%
Headache	4%

Share Cost of Medication

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. In clinical trials, 45-46% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks of treatment compared to 14-18% with vehicle (placebo) cream.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin compared to only about 16% using placebo cream. The medication was generally safe with mostly mild side effects. 514 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: significant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to 2 years of age (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2-81 years
📄 Tapinarof cream 1%, applied once daily, was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin, compared to only about 16% using the vehicle cream. Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily: Significant Efficacy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Adults and Children Down to 2 Years of Age in the Pivotal Phase 3 ADORING Trials. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

The medication provided rapid itch relief, with improvements seen as early as 24 hours after the first application. By week 8, about 31-33% of patients achieved minimal to no itch compared to 14-17% with vehicle cream.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily helped reduce itching and improve sleep in people with atopic dermatitis. About one-third of patients achieved minimal to no itching after 8 weeks of treatment, compared to only 14-17% of those using a placebo cream. Achievement of No-to-minimal Itch and Sleep Improvement with Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily in Two Pivotal Phase 3 Trials in Adults and Children Down to 2 Years of Age with Atopic Dermatitis (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof significantly improved itch compared to vehicle
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily showed rapid improvement in itch symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis, with effects seen as early as 24 hours after first use. The improvement in itch continued to increase through 8 weeks of treatment. 515 - Rapid and early onset of itch relief with tapinarof cream 1% once daily in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to two years of age with atopic dermatitis (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older

Tapinarof was well-tolerated across all age groups and skin types. The most common side effects were mild to moderate and included folliculitis (hair follicle inflammation), headache, and nasopharyngitis (common cold). Very few patients (less than 2%) had to stop treatment due to side effects.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin compared to only about 16% using placebo cream. The medication was generally safe with mostly mild side effects. 514 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: significant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to 2 years of age (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2-81 years
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% was tested for skin safety in healthy adults. The cream was found to be safe, causing only very mild skin irritation, and did not cause allergic reactions or increased sensitivity to sunlight. Dermal Safety of Tapinarof Cream 1%: Results From 4 Phase 1 Trials. (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 376	This was a safety study, not an efficacy study

The medication worked consistently well across all racial groups and skin types, including patients with darker skin tones who made up about 50% of the study participants.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. The medication worked significantly better than the vehicle (cream without active ingredient) in clearing or almost clearing eczema symptoms. Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily is Efficacious for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Patients with Skin of Color Down to 2 Years of Age in Two Pivotal Phase 3 Trials (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin across all racial groups
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races, including children as young as 2 years old. About 40-50% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks of treatment, which was significantly better than the placebo group. 670 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily is efficacious for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in patients with skin of color down to 2 years of age in two pivotal phase 3 trials (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years+	Tapinarof showed significantly higher rates of clear/almost clear skin compared to vehicle across all populations

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin compared to only about 16% using placebo cream. The medication was generally safe with mostly mild side effects.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2-81 years

Results:

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1%, applied once daily, was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin, compared to only about 16% using the vehicle cream.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily helped reduce itching and improve sleep in people with atopic dermatitis. About one-third of patients achieved minimal to no itching after 8 weeks of treatment, compared to only 14-17% of those using a placebo cream.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof significantly improved itch compared to vehicle

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily showed rapid improvement in itch symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis, with effects seen as early as 24 hours after first use. The improvement in itch continued to increase through 8 weeks of treatment.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2-81 years

Results:

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% was tested for skin safety in healthy adults. The cream was found to be safe, causing only very mild skin irritation, and did not cause allergic reactions or increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 376

Results:

This was a safety study, not an efficacy study

The medication worked consistently well across all racial groups and skin types, including patients with darker skin tones who made up about 50% of the study participants.

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. The medication worked significantly better than the vehicle (cream without active ingredient) in clearing or almost clearing eczema symptoms.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin across all racial groups

Summary:

Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races, including children as young as 2 years old. About 40-50% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks of treatment, which was significantly better than the placebo group.

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years+

Results:

Tapinarof showed significantly higher rates of clear/almost clear skin compared to vehicle across all populations

Zoryve

(Roflumilast)

If your child is 6+ years and looking for a non-steroidal cream with good tolerability

If you are looking for a non-steroidal cream with good tolerability

Topical once daily

Low

Side Effect	Affected
rash
application site pain

$164 per month

($37 - $550)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Roflumilast cream appears to be effective in treating mild to moderate eczema, with patients showing significant improvements in their eczema severity scores after 4 weeks of once-daily use

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

The medication appears to be very safe, with very few side effects reported. Only 2 out of 91 patients experienced mild treatment-related side effects (a mild rash and moderate application site pain), and only one patient had to stop using the medication due to side effects

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream is a non-steroid treatment option, which may be beneficial for patients who are concerned about using steroid-based treatments

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream appears to be effective in treating mild to moderate eczema, with patients showing significant improvements in their eczema severity scores after 4 weeks of once-daily use

Summary:

Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream is a non-steroid treatment option, which may be beneficial for patients who are concerned about using steroid-based treatments

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Eucrisa

(Crisaborole)

If your child needs a non-steroid topical treatment, especially in sensitive areas

If you need a non-steroid topical treatment, especially in sensitive areas

Topical twice daily

Low

Side Effect	Affected
Application site pain	4%
Contact urticaria	1%
Allergic contact dermatitis

$152 per month

($29 - $520)

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Crisaborole is effective for treating mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis in both children and adults, with significantly more patients achieving clear/almost clear skin compared to vehicle (placebo) treatment

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy and Safety of Crisaborole Ointment, a Novel, Nonsteroidal Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor for the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Children and Adults (2017)		Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin
📄 Crisaborole ointment was more effective than placebo in treating mild to moderate eczema in patients aged 2 years and older. About 32% of patients using crisaborole achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 18-25% using placebo, and the medication showed a good safety profile. Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults. (2016)	Clinical Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Significantly more patients using crisaborole achieved clear/almost clear skin with ≥2-grade improvement compared to vehicle

The most common side effect is application site pain/discomfort, occurring in about 4-6% of patients. Most side effects are mild to moderate and treatment-related adverse events are infrequent

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole ointment was tested in infants aged 3-24 months with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment was well-tolerated with mostly mild side effects, and about 30% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 28 days of treatment. Safety, Effectiveness, and Pharmacokinetics of Crisaborole in Infants Aged 3 to < 24 Months with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase IV Open-Label Study (CrisADe CARE 1) (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 137 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-24 months
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy and Safety of Crisaborole Ointment, a Novel, Nonsteroidal Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor for the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Children and Adults (2017)		Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Crisaborole can be used as a long-term maintenance treatment, with studies showing sustained efficacy and safety over 48-52 weeks of use

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Once-daily crisaborole ointment helped prevent eczema flares for longer compared to vehicle (placebo), with patients staying flare-free for about 111 days versus 30 days. Patients using crisaborole had fewer flares overall and more flare-free days during the year-long study. 288 Once-daily crisaborole as a long-term maintenance treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: A 52-week clinical trial (2023)		Total Patients: 270	Crisaborole significantly delayed time to first flare compared to vehicle
📄 Once-daily crisaborole ointment was tested as a long-term maintenance treatment for mild-to-moderate eczema. Patients using crisaborole stayed flare-free for longer (111 days vs 30 days) compared to those using a placebo ointment, and had fewer flares over the course of a year. Once-Daily Crisaborole Ointment, 2%, as a Long-Term Maintenance Treatment in Patients Aged ≥ 3 Months with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A 52-Week Clinical Study (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 497 Severity: mild to moderate Age: ≥3 months

The medication works quickly, with improvements in itch and skin symptoms seen within the first week of treatment in many patients

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole ointment 2% was more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in children and teenagers. Patients using crisaborole showed faster and greater improvements in both skin appearance and itch compared to those using vehicle (placebo), with benefits seen as early as 8 days after starting treatment. Improvement in disease severity and pruritus outcomes with crisaborole ointment, 2%, by baseline atopic dermatitis severity in children and adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2-17 years	Significantly greater improvement in ISGA scores for crisaborole vs vehicle, particularly in patients with moderate baseline disease
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Early Relief of Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis with Crisaborole Ointment, A Non-steroidal, Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor. (2018)	Clinical Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Crisaborole ointment was more effective than placebo in treating mild to moderate eczema in patients aged 2 years and older. About 32% of patients using crisaborole achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 18-25% using placebo, and the medication showed a good safety profile.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Significantly more patients using crisaborole achieved clear/almost clear skin with ≥2-grade improvement compared to vehicle

The most common side effect is application site pain/discomfort, occurring in about 4-6% of patients. Most side effects are mild to moderate and treatment-related adverse events are infrequent

Summary:

Crisaborole ointment was tested in infants aged 3-24 months with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment was well-tolerated with mostly mild side effects, and about 30% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 28 days of treatment.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 137

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-24 months

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Crisaborole can be used as a long-term maintenance treatment, with studies showing sustained efficacy and safety over 48-52 weeks of use

Summary:

Once-daily crisaborole ointment helped prevent eczema flares for longer compared to vehicle (placebo), with patients staying flare-free for about 111 days versus 30 days. Patients using crisaborole had fewer flares overall and more flare-free days during the year-long study.

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 270

Results:

Crisaborole significantly delayed time to first flare compared to vehicle

Summary:

Once-daily crisaborole ointment was tested as a long-term maintenance treatment for mild-to-moderate eczema. Patients using crisaborole stayed flare-free for longer (111 days vs 30 days) compared to those using a placebo ointment, and had fewer flares over the course of a year.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 497

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: ≥3 months

Results:

The medication works quickly, with improvements in itch and skin symptoms seen within the first week of treatment in many patients

Summary:

Crisaborole ointment 2% was more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in children and teenagers. Patients using crisaborole showed faster and greater improvements in both skin appearance and itch compared to those using vehicle (placebo), with benefits seen as early as 8 days after starting treatment.

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2-17 years

Results:

Significantly greater improvement in ISGA scores for crisaborole vs vehicle, particularly in patients with moderate baseline disease

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Hydroxyzine

(Hydroxyzine)

If your itching is due to allergic conditions

Oral daily

Medium

Side Effect	Affected
somnolence/sedation
sedation

Share Cost of Medication

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Hydroxyzine is effective at reducing itching (pruritus) in atopic dermatitis, with significant itch suppression lasting up to 24 hours after taking the medication. The best itch control (over 85% reduction) occurs between 2-12 hours after taking the medicine.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

The medication can reduce daily symptoms of atopic dermatitis by about 38%, which is similar to other antihistamines like loratadine.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects. Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: not available Age: 18-65	Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

The main side effect is drowsiness/sedation, which is more common with hydroxyzine compared to newer antihistamines. In one study, 40% of patients on hydroxyzine reported feeling sleepy, compared to only 5% on loratadine.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects. Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: not available Age: 18-65	Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

For children with atopic dermatitis, a lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) can be just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg three times daily) while causing less drowsiness.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

Summary:

Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

The medication can reduce daily symptoms of atopic dermatitis by about 38%, which is similar to other antihistamines like loratadine.

Summary:

Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: not available

Age: 18-65

Results:

Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

Summary:

Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: not available

Age: 18-65

Results:

Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

For children with atopic dermatitis, a lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) can be just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg three times daily) while causing less drowsiness.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

HIGHEST EFFICACY IN CATEGORY

Rinvoq (Upadacitinib)

Who is this for?:

If you need rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

If your child is 12+ years, needs rapid and strong relief of itch and other treatments have failed

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$396 per month

Delivery:

Oral once daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib, taken as a daily pill, significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo. After 16 weeks, 60-70% of patients taking upadacitinib 15mg and 73-80% of patients taking 30mg had their eczema improve by at least 75%, compared to only 13-16% of patients taking placebo. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,683
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in adults, including patients who didn't respond well to other treatments like dupilumab or baricitinib. About 73% of patients achieved significant improvement in their eczema, and 69% experienced reduced itching after 16 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis including those with Inadequate Response to Dupilumab and/or Baricitinib: Results from the BioDay Registry (2023)	Multicenter Study	Total Patients: 47 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study looked at the safety of upadacitinib across multiple conditions including atopic dermatitis by analyzing data from clinical trials. For atopic dermatitis patients, upadacitinib was generally well-tolerated, with acne being a notable side effect specific to AD patients. Safety profile of upadacitinib over 15 000 patient-years across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and atopic dermatitis (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,693 Severity: not available Age: not available

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Upadacitinib (15mg or 30mg daily) showed rapid improvements in itch, pain, and other eczema symptoms within the first week of treatment. These improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, with patients also experiencing better sleep, quality of life, and mental health. Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,609 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+	Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes
📄 Upadacitinib combined with topical steroids significantly improved itch, skin pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. The improvements were seen within 1-2 weeks and lasted for up to 52 weeks, with 62-84% of patients experiencing meaningful improvements depending on the dose. Rapid and sustained improvements in itch and quality of life with upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: 52-week outcomes from the phase 3 AD Up study. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 901 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults	Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,683

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Upadacitinib shows superior efficacy compared to dupilumab (another common treatment) in improving skin clearance and reducing itch, with faster onset of action

Summary:

Study Type:

Multicenter Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,693

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Upadacitinib significantly improves quality of life measures including sleep, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing in patients with atopic dermatitis

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,609

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+

Results:

Upadacitinib showed better results than placebo across all measured outcomes

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 901

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Both doses showed sustained improvements across all patient-reported outcomes, with higher dose showing better results

WELL BALANCED

Dupixent (Dupilumab)

Who is this for?:

If topical treatments don't work for you

If your child is 6+ months and topical treatments don't work for your child

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

$285 per month

Delivery:

Injection None every 2 weeks

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved quality of life in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema. The improvements were meaningful in daily life, particularly reducing pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and helping with usual activities. Dupilumab Improves General Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2017)		Total Patients: 1,379 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo
📄 Dupilumab combined with topical steroids was significantly more effective than steroids alone in treating moderate-to-severe eczema. After 16 weeks, about 39% of patients on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 12% on placebo, and these improvements lasted for the full year of treatment. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2017)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 740 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children as young as 6 months. Clinical trials show that 60-70% of patients achieve significant improvement in their eczema symptoms, including reduction in itch and skin clearance. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis. (2017)	Comment	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months and older	Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study compared two medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: oral upadacitinib and injectable dupilumab. Upadacitinib worked better and faster than dupilumab, with 72.4% of patients seeing major skin improvement after 16 weeks compared to 62.6% with dupilumab. However, upadacitinib had more side effects including acne and infections. Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib vs Dupilumab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 673
📄 This real-world study compared the safety of dupilumab to conventional systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis over 5 years. Dupilumab showed fewer side effects related to circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and infections compared to other treatments. However, it did have a higher risk of eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) compared to some other medications. Comparison of safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab or conventional systemic treatment: real world data from the US network. (2024)	Comparative Study

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms and skin healing over 16 weeks of treatment. The medication worked by reducing inflammation in the skin and helping restore normal skin barrier function. Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 54 Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels
📄 Dupilumab is the first approved targeted biological therapy for atopic dermatitis in adults and children over 6 years with moderate-to-severe disease. It works by blocking specific inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-13) and helps improve skin barrier function. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. (2022)		Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 years and older

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children aged 6 months to 6 years with moderate-to-severe eczema, dupilumab with low-strength steroid cream worked significantly better than placebo. After 16 weeks, 28% of children on dupilumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to only 4% on placebo, and 53% had major improvement in their eczema compared to 11% on placebo. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 162 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 6 months to <6 years
📄 This study showed that taking dupilumab every 2 weeks maintains improvements in eczema symptoms over 36 weeks. About 72% of patients maintained their improvement when taking dupilumab every 2 weeks, compared to only 30% of patients who stopped treatment. The study found that taking dupilumab less frequently (every 4 or 8 weeks) was not as effective as taking it every 2 weeks. Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Dupilumab Dose Regimens After Initial Successful Treatment in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 422

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,379

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Both weekly and every 2 weeks dupilumab treatment led to significantly greater improvements in quality of life compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 740

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comment

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months and older

Results:

Dupilumab significantly improved eczema symptoms compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 673

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Comparative Study

Studied Population:

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 54

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

Dupilumab improved skin healing at both molecular and cellular levels

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 years and older

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 162

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 6 months to <6 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 422

Results:

LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS

Mupirocin (Mupirocin)

Who is this for?:

If your AD is related to a bacterial infection (staphylococcus aureus)

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Low

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Topical 3-4 daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Using hydrocortisone cream combined with mupirocin was more effective (74% success) than hydrocortisone alone (65% success) or moisturizer (36% success) in treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in infants. The combination treatment was safe and helped address potential bacterial infection. Hydrocortisone acetate alone or combined with mupirocin for atopic dermatitis in infants under two years of age - a randomized double blind pilot trial	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 83	Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient
📄 A combination ointment containing fluticasone propionate and mupirocin was effective in treating atopic dermatitis with suspected bacterial infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, the majority of patients (67.2%) had only mild disease, and patient comfort improved from 33.65% to 78.60%. Efficacy and safety of combination ointment "fluticasone propionate 0.005% plus mupirocin 2.0%" for the treatment of atopic dermatitis with clinical suspicion of secondary bacterial infection: an open label uncontrolled study	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 122 Severity: mild to severe Age: not available	Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic, significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and improved their symptoms. Although bacteria returned after stopping treatment, patients' symptoms didn't get worse during the study period. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 49 Severity: not available Age: not available	Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts
📄 Mupirocin cream was found to be as effective as oral cephalexin (an antibiotic) for treating infected eczema. The cream worked better at killing bacteria and was preferred by patients over taking oral medication. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 159 Severity: secondarily infected eczema Age: not available	Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 83

Results:

Combined treatment with hydrocortisone and mupirocin was most effective, followed by hydrocortisone alone, both significantly better than emollient

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 122

Severity: mild to severe

Age: not available

Results:

Significant improvement in disease severity with majority of patients achieving mild disease status

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Short-term use of mupirocin appears to be safe, with minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported were mild and included diarrhea and nausea.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 49

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin significantly reduced bacterial counts

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 159

Severity: secondarily infected eczema

Age: not available

Results:

Mupirocin cream was similarly effective to oral cephalexin

Protopic (Tacrolimus)

Who is this for?:

If you need a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

If your child needs a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$39 per month

Delivery:

Topical None twice weekly to twice daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Tacrolimus is effective in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, showing significant improvement in symptoms and disease severity compared to standard treatments like hydrocortisone.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 In children with eczema, both tacrolimus ointment and hydrocortisone cream improved quality of life. Tacrolimus was better at reducing certain inflammatory markers in the blood compared to hydrocortisone, though both treatments were effective. Tacrolimus versus hydrocortisone in management of atopic dermatitis in children, a randomized controlled double‐blind study: New insights on TARC, CTACK, TSLP, and E‐selectin (2024)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 100 Severity: not available Age: children (age range not specified)	Tacrolimus was more effective at reducing inflammatory markers compared to hydrocortisone
📄 Both tacrolimus and mild corticosteroids were safe and effective in treating young children with moderate-to-severe eczema. Children who showed early signs of allergies (sensitization) had better results with tacrolimus than with corticosteroids after 12 months of treatment. Young children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 75 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 1-3 years
📄 Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment was more effective than Hydrocortisone 1% in treating children with atopic dermatitis. After 3 weeks of treatment, Tacrolimus reduced disease severity by 56% compared to 27% with Hydrocortisone. Topical Tacrolimus versus Hydrocortisone on Atopic Dermatitis in Paediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 60 Severity: not available Age: 2-10 years

Long-term safety studies show no increased risk of cancer in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis over a 10-year period.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 10-year study found that children using tacrolimus cream (Protopic) for eczema did not have an increased risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. No cases of lymphoma were reported. No Evidence of Increased Cancer Incidence in Children Using Topical Tacrolimus for Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 7,954 Severity: not available Age: pediatric

In adults, there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with tacrolimus use compared to other treatments.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study found that using topical calcineurin inhibitors (like Protopic) for treating atopic dermatitis does not increase the risk of skin cancer compared to using topical corticosteroids or using no treatment. This suggests that these medications are safe to use in terms of skin cancer risk in adults. Association Between Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Use and Keratinocyte Carcinoma Risk Among Adults With Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 93,746 Severity: not available Age: 40+

Tacrolimus appears to be particularly beneficial for patients who show signs of early allergic sensitization, and it can improve quality of life measures for both patients and caregivers.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Both tacrolimus and mild corticosteroids were safe and effective in treating young children with moderate-to-severe eczema. Children who showed early signs of allergies (sensitization) had better results with tacrolimus than with corticosteroids after 12 months of treatment. Young children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 75 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 1-3 years
📄 This study compared two eczema treatments (tacrolimus 0.03% and crisaborole) in children with mild to moderate eczema. While both medications improved eczema symptoms, tacrolimus showed better results in improving quality of life for both children and their caregivers. Improved patient‐ and caregiver‐reported outcomes distinguish tacrolimus 0.03% from crisaborole in children with atopic dermatitis (2024)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 47 Severity: mild Age: children (mean age 8.0 ± 3.9 years)	Both treatments improved eczema severity, with slightly better improvement in the crisaborole group

Tacrolimus is effective in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, showing significant improvement in symptoms and disease severity compared to standard treatments like hydrocortisone.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 100

Severity: not available

Age: children (age range not specified)

Results:

Tacrolimus was more effective at reducing inflammatory markers compared to hydrocortisone

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 75

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 1-3 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 60

Severity: not available

Age: 2-10 years

Results:

Long-term safety studies show no increased risk of cancer in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis over a 10-year period.

Summary:

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 7,954

Severity: not available

Age: pediatric

Results:

In adults, there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with tacrolimus use compared to other treatments.

Summary:

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 93,746

Severity: not available

Age: 40+

Results:

Tacrolimus appears to be particularly beneficial for patients who show signs of early allergic sensitization, and it can improve quality of life measures for both patients and caregivers.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 75

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 1-3 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 47

Severity: mild

Age: children (mean age 8.0 ± 3.9 years)

Results:

Both treatments improved eczema severity, with slightly better improvement in the crisaborole group

Elidel (Pimecrolimus)

Who is this for?:

If you need a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

If your child needs a long-term, steroid-sparing option and for treatment in sensitive areas

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$137 per month

Delivery:

Topical twice daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Pimecrolimus appears to be similarly effective to topical corticosteroids for treating atopic dermatitis, with about 85-90% of patients achieving treatment success after long-term use.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 5-year study compared pimecrolimus cream with regular steroid creams in young children with mild-to-moderate eczema. While both treatments were generally safe, steroid creams worked slightly better, and children using pimecrolimus had more skin infections and respiratory issues. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-12 months
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical steroids in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in infants over a 5-year period. Both treatments helped more than 85% of patients achieve clear or almost clear skin, but pimecrolimus required much fewer steroid days (7 vs 178), making it a safer long-term option. Safety and Efficacy of Pimecrolimus in Atopic Dermatitis: A 5-Year Randomized Trial (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 2,418 Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants	Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This 5-year study compared pimecrolimus cream with regular steroid creams in young children with mild-to-moderate eczema. While both treatments were generally safe, steroid creams worked slightly better, and children using pimecrolimus had more skin infections and respiratory issues. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-12 months
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical steroids in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in infants over a 5-year period. Both treatments helped more than 85% of patients achieve clear or almost clear skin, but pimecrolimus required much fewer steroid days (7 vs 178), making it a safer long-term option. Safety and Efficacy of Pimecrolimus in Atopic Dermatitis: A 5-Year Randomized Trial (2015)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 2,418 Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants	Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Pimecrolimus can help reduce the need for topical steroids (steroid-sparing effect), which may be beneficial for areas sensitive to steroid side effects like the face and eyelids.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Pimecrolimus cream was as effective as topical corticosteroids in treating atopic dermatitis in Chinese infants. After 26 weeks, about 83% of infants treated with Pimecrolimus showed improvement, which was similar to the 89% improvement seen with corticosteroids. Safety and efficacy of Pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis among Chinese infants: a sub-group analysis of a five-year open-label study (2023)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 120 Severity: not available Age: 3 months-12 months	Treatment success rates were similar between Pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids
📄 This is a commentary on a 5-year safety study of pimecrolimus in treating atopic dermatitis. The article discusses how despite pimecrolimus being available for over a decade, there's still uncertainty about when to use it versus topical steroids, particularly for sensitive areas like the face and eyelids. A 5‐year randomized trial on the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a critical appraisal – comment (2017)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: infants and children

There is no increased risk of skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with using Pimecrolimus, based on long-term safety studies.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This study found that using topical calcineurin inhibitors (like Protopic) for treating atopic dermatitis does not increase the risk of skin cancer compared to using topical corticosteroids or using no treatment. This suggests that these medications are safe to use in terms of skin cancer risk in adults. Association Between Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Use and Keratinocyte Carcinoma Risk Among Adults With Atopic Dermatitis. (2020)	Observational Study	Total Patients: 93,746 Severity: not available Age: 40+

Pimecrolimus appears to be similarly effective to topical corticosteroids for treating atopic dermatitis, with about 85-90% of patients achieving treatment success after long-term use.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-12 months

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,418

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants

Results:

Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-12 months

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,418

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants

Results:

Both treatments showed similar long-term effectiveness in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Pimecrolimus can help reduce the need for topical steroids (steroid-sparing effect), which may be beneficial for areas sensitive to steroid side effects like the face and eyelids.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 120

Severity: not available

Age: 3 months-12 months

Results:

Treatment success rates were similar between Pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: infants and children

Results:

There is no increased risk of skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinoma) associated with using Pimecrolimus, based on long-term safety studies.

Summary:

Study Type:

Observational Study

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 93,746

Severity: not available

Age: 40+

Results:

Ebglyss (Lebrikizumab)

Who is this for?:

If you need strong relief and topical treatments don't work for you

If you are 12+, need strong relief and topical treatments don't work for you

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Injection every 2-4 weeks

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema in two large clinical trials. After 16 weeks, about 33-43% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 11-13% on placebo. The medication also helped reduce itch, and while it caused some eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), most side effects were mild. Two Phase 3 Trials of Lebrikizumab for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 851 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12+ years (adolescents and adults)	About 3 times more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with lebrikizumab compared to placebo
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema over 52 weeks. After initial treatment, patients maintained good results whether they received the drug every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks, with about 75-80% of patients maintaining clear or almost clear skin. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results of two randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescent and adult

The medication helps reduce itching quickly, with some patients experiencing improvement as early as 2 days after starting treatment. It also helps improve sleep disruption caused by itch.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab helped improve itching and sleep quality in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients who experienced less itching and better sleep also reported better quality of life after 16 weeks of treatment. Lebrikizumab monotherapy impacts on quality of life scores through improved itch and sleep interference in two Phase 3 trials. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 16+	Patients who responded to treatment with improved itch and sleep showed significant improvements in quality of life measures
📄 Lebrikizumab, a medication that targets IL-13, significantly improved moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis symptoms in adults. After 16 weeks, about 60% of patients taking lebrikizumab had clear or almost clear skin compared to 16% taking placebo. Lebrikizumab improved itch and reduced the extent of itch interference on sleep in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 751 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Significantly more patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema symptoms with lebrikizumab

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 This analysis looked at the safety of lebrikizumab across eight clinical trials in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The medication was generally safe, with most side effects being mild or moderate. The most common side effect specific to lebrikizumab was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in about 8.5% of patients. Safety of Lebrikizumab in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrated Analysis of Eight Clinical Trials (2023)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 1,720 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescents and adults
📄 Lebrikizumab was found to be generally safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents. The most common side effect was conjunctivitis (eye inflammation), occurring in 8.5% of treated patients compared to 2.5% in placebo. Most side effects were mild or moderate. 373 Safety of lebrikizumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: data from eight trials (2023)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 1,720 Severity: moderate to severe Age: adults and adolescents

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Lebrikizumab helped maintain clear or almost clear skin in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema for up to 2 years. About half of the patients achieved completely clear skin, and more than 55% reported having no or minimal itching after 2 years of treatment. 708 - Raising the bar of efficacy in atopic dermatitis: lebrikizumab maintains depth of response over 2 years (2024)	JournalArticle	Severity: moderate-to-severe Age: not available	About half of patients maintained completely clear skin
📄 Lebrikizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe eczema over 52 weeks. After initial treatment, patients maintained good results whether they received the drug every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks, with about 75-80% of patients maintaining clear or almost clear skin. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results of two randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: adolescent and adult

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 851

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12+ years (adolescents and adults)

Results:

About 3 times more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with lebrikizumab compared to placebo

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescent and adult

Results:

The medication helps reduce itching quickly, with some patients experiencing improvement as early as 2 days after starting treatment. It also helps improve sleep disruption caused by itch.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 16+

Results:

Patients who responded to treatment with improved itch and sleep showed significant improvements in quality of life measures

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 751

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Significantly more patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema symptoms with lebrikizumab

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,720

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,720

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adults and adolescents

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate-to-severe

Age: not available

Results:

About half of patients maintained completely clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: adolescent and adult

Results:

Cibinqo (Abrocitinib)

Who is this for?:

If you need rapid relief of itch and other symptoms

If your child is 12+ years and needs rapid relief of itch and other symptoms

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

High

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$362 per month

Delivery:

Oral once daily

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Opzelura (Ruxolitinib)

Who is this for?:

If you are looking for a short-term treatment with rapid relief of itch and inflammation, and other topical treatments have failed

If your child is 12+ years and looking for a short-term treatment with rapid relief of itch and inflammation, and other topical treatments have failed

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

⚠️ Boxed Warning

Cost:

$212 per month

Delivery:

Topical thin film to affected areas twice daily

See Evidence

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream showed significant improvement in eczema symptoms compared to vehicle (placebo cream). The highest dose (1.5% twice daily) reduced eczema severity by 71.6% after 4 weeks, and patients experienced itch relief within 36 hours of starting treatment. Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis With Ruxolitinib Cream (JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor) or Triamcinolone Cream. (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 307 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 18+	Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID reduced eczema severity by 71.6% compared to 15.5% with vehicle

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, when applied to the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, shows very low levels in the blood, suggesting it mainly works locally on the skin. This means it's less likely to cause the side effects typically seen with oral JAK inhibitor medications. Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Ruxolitinib Cream: Data from Phase II and III Studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Severity: not available Age: not available	Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was effective in treating eczema in teenagers, with about 51% achieving clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks compared to 14% using a placebo cream. The medication started working quickly, reducing itch from day 2, and continued to work well for up to 52 weeks with few side effects. Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Disease Control of Ruxolitinib Cream Among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis: Pooled Results from Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 245 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 12-17 years	Significantly more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with ruxolitinib
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was tested in patients with moderate to severe eczema covering at least 25% of their body. After 56 days of treatment, about 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. The cream was generally safe to use, with only a few patients experiencing treatment-related side effects. A Maximum-Use Trial of Ruxolitinib Cream in Adolescents and Adults with Atopic Dermatitis (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12-65 years	Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, when applied to the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, shows very low levels in the blood, suggesting it mainly works locally on the skin. This means it's less likely to cause the side effects typically seen with oral JAK inhibitor medications. Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Ruxolitinib Cream: Data from Phase II and III Studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Severity: not available Age: not available	Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream
📄 Ruxolitinib cream was tested in patients with moderate to severe eczema covering at least 25% of their body. After 56 days of treatment, about 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. The cream was generally safe to use, with only a few patients experiencing treatment-related side effects. A Maximum-Use Trial of Ruxolitinib Cream in Adolescents and Adults with Atopic Dermatitis (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 12-65 years	Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Ruxolitinib cream, applied twice daily, quickly reduced itch in people with mild to moderate eczema. The cream started working within 12 hours and continued to improve itch symptoms over 8 weeks. The stronger version (1.5%) worked better than the weaker version (0.75%) and both worked better than the placebo cream. Editor's Picks January 2023 (2022)		Total Patients: 1,200 Severity: mild to moderate Age: adolescents and adults	Ruxolitinib cream provided rapid itch relief within 12 hours and continued improvement through 8 weeks
📄 Ruxolitinib cream improved itch and skin pain within 12 hours of application in people with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment also improved sleep and quality of life within 2 weeks, and these benefits lasted for up to 52 weeks. Ruxolitinib Cream Monotherapy Improved Symptoms and Quality of Life in Adults and Adolescents with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: Patient-Reported Outcomes from Two Phase III Studies. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,208	Ruxolitinib cream improved skin pain within 12 hours of application

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 307

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 18+

Results:

Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID reduced eczema severity by 71.6% compared to 15.5% with vehicle

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 245

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 12-17 years

Results:

Significantly more patients achieved clear or almost clear skin with ruxolitinib

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12-65 years

Results:

Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

Only a small amount of the medication gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 12-65 years

Results:

Almost all patients (94.6%) achieved at least 75% improvement in their eczema severity after 56 days of treatment

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,200

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: adolescents and adults

Results:

Ruxolitinib cream provided rapid itch relief within 12 hours and continued improvement through 8 weeks

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,208

Results:

Ruxolitinib cream improved skin pain within 12 hours of application

Nemluvio (Nemolizumab)

Who is this for?:

If you have moderate-to-severe AD with intense itching

If you are 12 years or older with moderate-to-severe AD and intense itching

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Injection Every 4-8 weeks

See Evidence

Get This Treatment

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, significantly improved eczema symptoms and reduced itching in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The medication showed benefits as early as week 1 for itch reduction, and by week 16, 36-38% of patients had clear or almost clear skin compared to 25-26% on placebo. Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,728
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks, significantly improved both skin inflammation and itch in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The 30mg dose worked best, with patients experiencing about 69% improvement in their eczema severity and 67% reduction in itch after 24 weeks. Phase 2b Randomized Study of Nemolizumab in Adults with Moderate-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Severe Pruritus. (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 226 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, reduced itching by 43% compared to 21% with placebo after 16 weeks. The medication also improved eczema severity and sleep quality in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Trial of Nemolizumab and Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis with Pruritus. (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 215	Nemolizumab reduced itching twice as much as placebo

The medication improves skin symptoms and quality of life, including better sleep. Studies showed 45-78% improvement in eczema severity scores over 16-68 weeks of treatment.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, when used with topical treatments, significantly improved eczema symptoms and reduced itching in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The medication showed benefits as early as week 1 for itch reduction, and by week 16, 36-38% of patients had clear or almost clear skin compared to 25-26% on placebo. Nemolizumab with concomitant topical therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2): results from two replicate, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 1,728
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks along with topical treatments, helped reduce itching by 66% and eczema severity by 78% over 68 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The improvements lasted even after treatment ended, and the medication was generally safe to use. Nemolizumab plus topical agents in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and moderate‐to‐severe pruritus provide improvement in pruritus and signs of AD for up to 68 weeks: results from two phase III, long‐term studies (2021)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 303 Severity: moderate to severe Age: ≥13 years	Significant reduction in itching maintained over more than a year

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab, given as an injection every 4 weeks, significantly improved both skin inflammation and itch in patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. The 30mg dose worked best, with patients experiencing about 69% improvement in their eczema severity and 67% reduction in itch after 24 weeks. Phase 2b Randomized Study of Nemolizumab in Adults with Moderate-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Severe Pruritus. (2019)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 226 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Nemolizumab is a new medication approved in Japan that helps reduce itching in patients with atopic dermatitis when other treatments haven't worked well enough. The medication is given as an injection every 4 weeks and showed improvements in both itching and skin symptoms for up to 68 weeks. [Pharmacological profiles and clinical findings of nemolizumab as treatment for pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis]. (2023)	Review	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 13+	Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

The medication is given as a subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks. It works by blocking interleukin-31, a protein that triggers itching in atopic dermatitis.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Nemolizumab is a new drug that targets IL-31, which is involved in causing eczema symptoms. The drug shows good results in reducing itch quickly and improving skin condition, with mostly mild side effects. Nemolizumab for atopic dermatitis. (2022)	Review	Severity: not available Age: not available	not available
📄 Nemolizumab is a new medication approved in Japan that helps reduce itching in patients with atopic dermatitis when other treatments haven't worked well enough. The medication is given as an injection every 4 weeks and showed improvements in both itching and skin symptoms for up to 68 weeks. [Pharmacological profiles and clinical findings of nemolizumab as treatment for pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis]. (2023)	Review	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 13+	Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

Taken every 4 weeks

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Itch relief in as soon as 48 hours

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Unique mechanism of action

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,728

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 226

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 215

Results:

Nemolizumab reduced itching twice as much as placebo

The medication improves skin symptoms and quality of life, including better sleep. Studies showed 45-78% improvement in eczema severity scores over 16-68 weeks of treatment.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,728

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 303

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: ≥13 years

Results:

Significant reduction in itching maintained over more than a year

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 226

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 13+

Results:

Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

The medication is given as a subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks. It works by blocking interleukin-31, a protein that triggers itching in atopic dermatitis.

Summary:

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: not available

Age: not available

Results:

not available

Summary:

Study Type:

Review

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 13+

Results:

Continuous improvement and/or maintenance of itching reduction up to 68 weeks

Taken every 4 weeks

Itch relief in as soon as 48 hours

Unique mechanism of action

Adbry (Tralokinumab)

Who is this for?:

If topical prescription therapies don't work for you

If you are 12+ years and topical prescription therapies don't work for you

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

$281 per month

Delivery:

Injection 300mg every 2 weeks

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab, a medication given every 2 weeks, helped improve severe eczema in adults who didn't respond well to topical treatments. After 16 weeks, about 25-33% of patients saw a significant improvement in their eczema symptoms compared to 11-13% who received placebo. Most patients who responded well at 16 weeks maintained their improvement through 52 weeks of treatment. Tralokinumab for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52‐week, randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, placebo‐controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2)* (2020)	Clinical Trial	Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab was found to be safe for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis based on data from five clinical trials. The most common side effects were upper respiratory infections and eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), but serious side effects were rare and similar to placebo. Safety of tralokinumab in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: pooled analysis of five randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II and phase III trials (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 2,285 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

Tralokinumab can help reduce the need for topical corticosteroids - patients using tralokinumab used approximately 50% less topical corticosteroids compared to those on placebo by week 16.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab with topical steroids showed continuous improvement in eczema symptoms over 32 weeks. By week 32, about 70% of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema, and about 50% saw a 90% improvement. The treatment helped reduce sleep problems and improved quality of life. Tralokinumab Plus Topical Corticosteroids as Needed Provides Progressive and Sustained Efficacy in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Over a 32-Week Period: An ECZTRA 3 Post Hoc Analysis (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 380 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity
📄 Tralokinumab effectively treated moderate-to-severe eczema in adults over 28 weeks, working well for both new patients and those who previously used dupilumab. About 76% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin, though some patients (27.4%) had to stop treatment due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Tralokinumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients: 28-Week Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Serum Proteins and Total IgE Levels. (2024)		Total Patients: 84 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tralokinumab with topical steroids showed continuous improvement in eczema symptoms over 32 weeks. By week 32, about 70% of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema, and about 50% saw a 90% improvement. The treatment helped reduce sleep problems and improved quality of life. Tralokinumab Plus Topical Corticosteroids as Needed Provides Progressive and Sustained Efficacy in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Over a 32-Week Period: An ECZTRA 3 Post Hoc Analysis (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 380 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity
📄 Tralokinumab, either alone or with topical steroids, showed rapid improvement in itch and sleep quality for patients with moderate-to-severe eczema. Patients started experiencing relief from itch as early as 1-2 weeks into treatment, and improvements in sleep were seen within 2 weeks. Patient-oriented measures for phase 3 studies of tralokinumab for treatment of atopic dermatitis (ECZTRA 1, 2 and 3). (2022)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Total Patients: 1,976 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 18+	Meaningful improvements in quality of life were observed from week 2

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 2,285

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Tralokinumab can help reduce the need for topical corticosteroids - patients using tralokinumab used approximately 50% less topical corticosteroids compared to those on placebo by week 16.

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 380

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 84

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 380

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

70.2% of patients achieved 75% improvement in eczema severity

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 1,976

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 18+

Results:

Meaningful improvements in quality of life were observed from week 2

Vtama (Tapinarof)

Who is this for?:

If you are looking for a non-steroid cream

For children 2 years and older who need a non-steroid cream

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Topical daily

See Evidence

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin compared to only about 16% using placebo cream. The medication was generally safe with mostly mild side effects. 514 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: significant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to 2 years of age (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2-81 years
📄 Tapinarof cream 1%, applied once daily, was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin, compared to only about 16% using the vehicle cream. Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily: Significant Efficacy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Adults and Children Down to 2 Years of Age in the Pivotal Phase 3 ADORING Trials. (2024)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily helped reduce itching and improve sleep in people with atopic dermatitis. About one-third of patients achieved minimal to no itching after 8 weeks of treatment, compared to only 14-17% of those using a placebo cream. Achievement of No-to-minimal Itch and Sleep Improvement with Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily in Two Pivotal Phase 3 Trials in Adults and Children Down to 2 Years of Age with Atopic Dermatitis (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof significantly improved itch compared to vehicle
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily showed rapid improvement in itch symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis, with effects seen as early as 24 hours after first use. The improvement in itch continued to increase through 8 weeks of treatment. 515 - Rapid and early onset of itch relief with tapinarof cream 1% once daily in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to two years of age with atopic dermatitis (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating moderate to severe eczema in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. After 8 weeks, about 46% of patients using tapinarof had clear or almost clear skin compared to only about 16% using placebo cream. The medication was generally safe with mostly mild side effects. 514 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: significant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in two pivotal phase 3 trials in adults and children down to 2 years of age (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2-81 years
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% was tested for skin safety in healthy adults. The cream was found to be safe, causing only very mild skin irritation, and did not cause allergic reactions or increased sensitivity to sunlight. Dermal Safety of Tapinarof Cream 1%: Results From 4 Phase 1 Trials. (2022)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 376	This was a safety study, not an efficacy study

The medication worked consistently well across all racial groups and skin types, including patients with darker skin tones who made up about 50% of the study participants.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races in both adults and children as young as 2 years old. The medication worked significantly better than the vehicle (cream without active ingredient) in clearing or almost clearing eczema symptoms. Tapinarof Cream 1% Once Daily is Efficacious for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Patients with Skin of Color Down to 2 Years of Age in Two Pivotal Phase 3 Trials (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years and older	Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin across all racial groups
📄 Tapinarof cream 1% applied once daily was effective in treating atopic dermatitis across all skin colors and races, including children as young as 2 years old. About 40-50% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 8 weeks of treatment, which was significantly better than the placebo group. 670 - Tapinarof cream 1% once daily is efficacious for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in patients with skin of color down to 2 years of age in two pivotal phase 3 trials (2024)	JournalArticle	Total Patients: 813 Severity: moderate to severe Age: 2 years+	Tapinarof showed significantly higher rates of clear/almost clear skin compared to vehicle across all populations

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2-81 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof significantly improved itch compared to vehicle

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2-81 years

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 376

Results:

This was a safety study, not an efficacy study

The medication worked consistently well across all racial groups and skin types, including patients with darker skin tones who made up about 50% of the study participants.

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Tapinarof was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin across all racial groups

Summary:

Study Type:

JournalArticle

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 813

Severity: moderate to severe

Age: 2 years+

Results:

Tapinarof showed significantly higher rates of clear/almost clear skin compared to vehicle across all populations

Zoryve (Roflumilast)

Who is this for?:

If you are looking for a non-steroidal cream with good tolerability

If your child is 6+ years and looking for a non-steroidal cream with good tolerability

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Low

Cost:

$164 per month

Delivery:

Topical once daily

See Evidence

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Roflumilast cream appears to be effective in treating mild to moderate eczema, with patients showing significant improvements in their eczema severity scores after 4 weeks of once-daily use

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream is a non-steroid treatment option, which may be beneficial for patients who are concerned about using steroid-based treatments

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Roflumilast cream (0.15% and 0.05%) was tested as a once-daily treatment for mild to moderate eczema. While the primary goal wasn't met, the cream showed promising improvements in eczema symptoms with very few side effects. The Safety and Efficacy of Roflumilast Cream 0.15% and 0.05% in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study. (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 136	Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream appears to be effective in treating mild to moderate eczema, with patients showing significant improvements in their eczema severity scores after 4 weeks of once-daily use

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Roflumilast cream is a non-steroid treatment option, which may be beneficial for patients who are concerned about using steroid-based treatments

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 136

Results:

Roflumilast showed greater improvement in eczema severity compared to vehicle, but the difference wasn't statistically significant

Eucrisa (Crisaborole)

Who is this for?:

If you need a non-steroid topical treatment, especially in sensitive areas

If your child needs a non-steroid topical treatment, especially in sensitive areas

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Low

Cost:

$152 per month

Delivery:

Topical twice daily

See Evidence

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy and Safety of Crisaborole Ointment, a Novel, Nonsteroidal Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor for the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Children and Adults (2017)		Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin
📄 Crisaborole ointment was more effective than placebo in treating mild to moderate eczema in patients aged 2 years and older. About 32% of patients using crisaborole achieved clear or almost clear skin compared to 18-25% using placebo, and the medication showed a good safety profile. Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults. (2016)	Clinical Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Significantly more patients using crisaborole achieved clear/almost clear skin with ≥2-grade improvement compared to vehicle

The most common side effect is application site pain/discomfort, occurring in about 4-6% of patients. Most side effects are mild to moderate and treatment-related adverse events are infrequent

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole ointment was tested in infants aged 3-24 months with mild-to-moderate eczema. The treatment was well-tolerated with mostly mild side effects, and about 30% of patients achieved clear or almost clear skin after 28 days of treatment. Safety, Effectiveness, and Pharmacokinetics of Crisaborole in Infants Aged 3 to < 24 Months with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase IV Open-Label Study (CrisADe CARE 1) (2020)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 137 Severity: mild to moderate Age: 3-24 months
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy and Safety of Crisaborole Ointment, a Novel, Nonsteroidal Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor for the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Children and Adults (2017)		Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Crisaborole can be used as a long-term maintenance treatment, with studies showing sustained efficacy and safety over 48-52 weeks of use

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Once-daily crisaborole ointment helped prevent eczema flares for longer compared to vehicle (placebo), with patients staying flare-free for about 111 days versus 30 days. Patients using crisaborole had fewer flares overall and more flare-free days during the year-long study. 288 Once-daily crisaborole as a long-term maintenance treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: A 52-week clinical trial (2023)		Total Patients: 270	Crisaborole significantly delayed time to first flare compared to vehicle
📄 Once-daily crisaborole ointment was tested as a long-term maintenance treatment for mild-to-moderate eczema. Patients using crisaborole stayed flare-free for longer (111 days vs 30 days) compared to those using a placebo ointment, and had fewer flares over the course of a year. Once-Daily Crisaborole Ointment, 2%, as a Long-Term Maintenance Treatment in Patients Aged ≥ 3 Months with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A 52-Week Clinical Study (2023)	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 497 Severity: mild to moderate Age: ≥3 months

The medication works quickly, with improvements in itch and skin symptoms seen within the first week of treatment in many patients

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Crisaborole ointment 2% was more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate eczema in children and teenagers. Patients using crisaborole showed faster and greater improvements in both skin appearance and itch compared to those using vehicle (placebo), with benefits seen as early as 8 days after starting treatment. Improvement in disease severity and pruritus outcomes with crisaborole ointment, 2%, by baseline atopic dermatitis severity in children and adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis (2020)	Randomized Controlled Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2-17 years	Significantly greater improvement in ISGA scores for crisaborole vs vehicle, particularly in patients with moderate baseline disease
📄 Crisaborole 2% ointment is effective for treating mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients aged 2 years and older. The medication works by reducing inflammation and itching, with about 30-50% of patients achieving clear or almost clear skin after 4 weeks of treatment. Early Relief of Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis with Crisaborole Ointment, A Non-steroidal, Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor. (2018)	Clinical Trial	Severity: mild to moderate Age: 2 years and older	Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Significantly more patients using crisaborole achieved clear/almost clear skin with ≥2-grade improvement compared to vehicle

The most common side effect is application site pain/discomfort, occurring in about 4-6% of patients. Most side effects are mild to moderate and treatment-related adverse events are infrequent

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 137

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 3-24 months

Results:

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Crisaborole can be used as a long-term maintenance treatment, with studies showing sustained efficacy and safety over 48-52 weeks of use

Summary:

Study Type:

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 270

Results:

Crisaborole significantly delayed time to first flare compared to vehicle

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 497

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: ≥3 months

Results:

The medication works quickly, with improvements in itch and skin symptoms seen within the first week of treatment in many patients

Summary:

Study Type:

Randomized Controlled Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2-17 years

Results:

Significantly greater improvement in ISGA scores for crisaborole vs vehicle, particularly in patients with moderate baseline disease

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Severity: mild to moderate

Age: 2 years and older

Results:

Crisaborole showed better efficacy than vehicle in achieving clear or almost clear skin

Hydroxyzine (Hydroxyzine)

Who is this for?:

If your itching is due to allergic conditions

Effectiveness:

Side Effects:

Medium

Cost:

Share Cost of Medication

Delivery:

Oral 3-4 daily

See Evidence

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

The medication can reduce daily symptoms of atopic dermatitis by about 38%, which is similar to other antihistamines like loratadine.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects. Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: not available Age: 18-65	Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects. Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 41 Severity: not available Age: 18-65	Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

For children with atopic dermatitis, a lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) can be just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg three times daily) while causing less drowsiness.

Study Summary	Study Type	Studied Population	Results
📄 Hydroxyzine effectively reduced itching in children with severe eczema, with over 85% reduction in itching from 2-12 hours after taking the medicine. A lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) was just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) but caused less drowsiness. Pharmacokinetics and antipruritic effects of hydroxyzine in children with atopic dermatitis	Clinical Trial	Total Patients: 12 Severity: severe Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)	Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

The medication can reduce daily symptoms of atopic dermatitis by about 38%, which is similar to other antihistamines like loratadine.

Summary:

Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: not available

Age: 18-65

Results:

Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

Summary:

Hydroxyzine reduced symptoms by 38% in patients with atopic dermatitis, but caused significant drowsiness in 40% of patients. The medication was as effective as loratadine but had more side effects.

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 41

Severity: not available

Age: 18-65

Results:

Both medications reduced symptoms more than placebo, with loratadine showing better efficacy

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

For children with atopic dermatitis, a lower dose (0.7 mg/kg three times daily) can be just as effective as a higher dose (1.4 mg/kg three times daily) while causing less drowsiness.

Summary:

Study Type:

Clinical Trial

Studied Population:

Total Patients: 12

Severity: severe

Age: children (mean 6.1 ± 4.6 years)

Results:

Lower dose (0.7 mg/kg) was as effective as higher dose (1.4 mg/kg) with less sedation

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