If you’ve been dealing with severe eczema that hasn’t responded well to more common treatments, your doctor might suggest immunosuppressants. Depending on where you are, they are more or less used; for instance, in the UK they are a staple of eczema treatment, while they are not frequently used in the US. In this article, we’ll explain what immunosuppressants are, how they work to calm eczema symptoms, and what potential side effects you should know about.
What Are Immunosuppressants?
Immunosuppressants are medications that help tone down your body’s immune response. In eczema, the immune system can become overactive, leading to inflammation, redness, and itching. By reducing this overactivity, immunosuppressants can help control severe eczema flare-ups. These medications are usually considered when other treatments haven’t provided enough relief.
What's The Role of Immunosuppressants in Eczema Treatment?
In eczema, an overactive immune system sends signals that cause skin inflammation and irritation. Immunosuppressants work by interfering with these signals. They slow down the activity of certain immune cells that contribute to the inflammation. In simple terms, these medications “dial down” your immune system so that it doesn’t react as strongly to triggers, giving your skin a chance to calm down and heal.
Which Immunosuppressants Are Used for Eczema?
There are several immunosuppressant medications used to manage severe eczema. The choice of medication depends on your specific condition, where in the world you are, and your doctor’s experience. Here’s a quick look at some common options:
| Medication | Formulation | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclosporine | Oral tablet | Often used for severe eczema; works relatively quickly but requires careful monitoring of kidney function and blood pressure. |
| Methotrexate | Oral or injection | Can help control long-term eczema symptoms; it works more slowly and requires regular blood tests to monitor liver function. |
| Azathioprine | Oral | Used for long-term control; may require testing before use to ensure safe dosing. |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | Oral | An alternative option for patients who may not respond to other treatments; generally well-tolerated with regular monitoring. |
Potential Side Effects
While immunosuppressants can be very effective in reducing severe eczema symptoms, they do come with potential side effects. Because these medications lower your immune system’s activity, you may be more prone to infections. Other side effects can include:
- Kidney or Liver Issues: Some drugs require regular blood tests to check how well your liver and kidneys are working.
- High Blood Pressure: Particularly with cyclosporine, which can affect blood pressure.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Nausea or stomach discomfort may occur with certain medications.
It’s important to use these medications under the close supervision of your healthcare provider, who will monitor you with regular check-ups and blood tests to keep any risks in check.
In Summary
Immunosuppressants offer a powerful option for managing severe eczema by reducing the overactive immune response that causes inflammation and skin irritation. While they can provide significant relief, they also require careful monitoring due to potential side effects. If you’re considering or already using immunosuppressants for your eczema, regular communication with your healthcare provider is key to ensuring that you benefit from the treatment while staying safe.